基于激光雷达和航空器报告识别低空风切变及其演变过程研究  

Study of Low-Level Wind Shear and Its Evolution Based on LIDAR and Aircraft Reports Identification

作　　者：丁婕 张镭[1,5] 胡泽勇 王介民 张开俊 梁捷宁[1] 王元[5] 张志达 徐丽丽 王瑾[1] 蔡涛 DING Jie;ZHANG Lei;HU Zeyong;WANG Jiemin;ZHANG Kaijun;LIANG Jiening;WANG Yuan;ZHANG Zhida;XU Lili;WANG Jin;CAI Tao(Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education,College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Processes and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment Resources,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Gansu Sub-Bureau of Northwest Air Traffic Management Bureau of Civil Aviation of China,Lanzhou 730087;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Central Meteorological Observatory,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国民用航空西北地区空中交通管理局甘肃分局,甘肃兰州730087 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]兰州大学西部生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,甘肃兰州730000 [6]兰州中心气象台,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《高原气象》2023年第5期1338-1350,共13页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0602,2019QZKK0103);国家自然科学基金项目(91837208);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20060101)。

摘　　要：低空风切变是影响航空安全和高效运行的重要因素。中川机场作为山地型内陆机场,受复杂地形和天气系统影响,风切变发生频率高且多发于夏季。本文根据航空器报告统计分析2009-2018年中川机场低空风切变事件的时空分布特征,采用基于测风激光雷达(Windcube 400s-at)资料的风切变识别方法对比了固定窗口法和自适应窗口法的识别效果,并探究了该地区风切变三维结构的连续演变和空间分布特征。研究表明,近十年中川机场低空风切变事件发生频次的增长率大于航班量的增长率;受天气影响,低空风切变事件峰值出现于4-7月和8-10月;67.2%低空风切变事件伴随对流天气,多发生于午后200 m高度以下,危险性高、风切变强度受对流天气强度影响。相比于固定窗口法,自适应窗口法识别范围更大,更适用于风切变三维结构连续演变的研究。该区域风切变垂直空间分布低,水平尺度多为1000~1500 m和2000~2600 m,过程持续时间多在20 min内,移动方向主要受背景风影响。本文研究结果有助于进一步了解该区域风切变的特征,为低空风切变识别、演变机理和预报预警等提供参考。Low-level wind shear significantly impacts aviation safety and operational efficiency.Zhongchuan Airport,located in a mountainous inland region,experiences the influence of complex terrain and weather systems.Wind shear is frequently observed during the summer season.This study analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of low-level wind shear events at Zhongchuan Airport using aircraft reports spanning from 2009 to 2018.During the observation period from May 2016 to November 2017,a total of 18 low-level wind shear events were confirmed through aircraft verification.Two methods,namely the fixed and adaptive window methods,were compared to identify wind shear events using LIDAR data from the Windcube 400s-at instrument.The study also explored the continuous evolution and spatial characteristics of the three-dimensional wind shear structure.The results indicate that the frequency of low-level wind shear events has increased at a faster rate compared to the flight volume at Zhongchuan Airport over the past ten years.The peak months for low-level wind shear events at Zhongchuan Airport are April-July and August-October,influenced by local weather patterns.The peak months for low-level wind shear events at Zhongchuan Airport are April-July and August-October,influenced by local weather patterns.Wind shear induced by convective weather occurs in the weak or non-echo region surrounding the convective cloud,resulting from the convergence of updrafts and downdrafts outside the cloud,or the formation of a gust front following the downdraft's contact with the ground.The wind shear factor is correlated with the intensity of radar echoes.Compared to the fixed window method,the adaptive window method had a larger recognition range due to the different data sets included in the recognition window.Therefore,the adaptive window method was found to be more suitable for studying the three-dimensional evolution of wind shear structures.Therefore,the adaptive window method is better suited for studying the evolution of the thr

关 键 词：测风激光雷达 低空风切变 航空气象 中川机场 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]