两汉柩前即位礼考——基于“天子副玺”说的考察  

An Examination of the Enthronement Rites in Front of the Coffin in the Han Dynasty——An Investigation Based on the Theory of "Vice Seal of the Emperor"

作　　者：刘晨亮 吴伟[1] Liu Chenliang;Wu Wei

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学历史文化学院,陕西西安730030

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2023年第5期156-174,192,共20页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：大、小夏侯《尚书·顾命》中有“天子副玺”之说,此说以汉朝的柩前即位礼与皇帝玺、天子玺相对之制为参考,结合宣帝末年改变治国方针的现状,形成于宣帝甘露三年(前51)左右。西汉武帝朝始行柩前即位礼,文、景两帝即位于宗庙,并不是二次即位。两汉柩前即位礼的相同之处:两汉的柩前即位礼流程基本相同,新君所受之玺皆为皇帝信玺、皇帝行玺(成帝后或增皇帝之玺),礼毕后玺皆保管于宫内殿中。不同之处:东汉柩前即位礼增添了斩蛇剑、随侯珠等天子权力的象征物,凸显了光武帝“中兴”之君的形象与东汉王朝的“中兴”属性。There is a theory of "Vice Seal of the Emperor" in "Gu Ming" of Book of History by the Great and Little Xia Hou.This theory is based on the Han Dynasty's enthronement ceremony in front of the coffin and the relative system of the emperor's seal.It is combined with the changes in governance in the late years of Emperor Xuan.The current situation of the policy was formed around the third year of Ganlu of Emperor Xuan(51 BC).At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty,Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty performed the enthronement ceremony in front of the coffin.Emperors Wen and Jing were located in the ancestral temple,which did not mean they ascended the throne for the second time.The similarities of the enthronement ceremony before the coffin in the two Han Dynasties shows that the process of the enthronement ceremony before the coffin in the two Han Dynasties is basically the same;the seals received by the new emperor are the emperor's letter seal and the emperor's official seal(the seal of the emperor after he becomes the emperor or increases the emperor's seal);and after the ceremony,the seals are kept in in the inner palace.It shows that the enthronement ceremony in front of the coffin of the Eastern Han Dynasty added symbols of the emperor's power such as snake-cutting swords and the Sui State's beads,which highlights the image of Emperor Guangwu as a "resurgent" king and the "resurgent" attribute of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：东汉 西汉 即位礼 《尚书》 二次即位 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]