重庆市合川区涞滩二佛寺摩崖造像的地质学特征与选址研究  

A Study of the Lithic Features and Site Selection of Cliff-carving Statues at Laitan Erfo Temple in Hechuan,Chongqing

作　　者：鲁昊 陈雨菲 Lu Hao;Chen Yufei

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院 [2]故宫博物院

出　　处：《四川文物》2023年第5期65-74,共10页Sichuan Cultural Relics

基　　金：北京师范大学青年教师基金项目(项目编号:310422146)。

摘　　要：重庆涞滩二佛寺摩崖造像是规模最大的佛教禅宗造像,是第六批全国重点文物保护单位。通过全面考察二佛寺摩崖造像的分布、保存现状和石质特点,从地质、地貌、气候、历史地理等方面综合分析了涞滩二佛寺摩崖造像的选址合理性。岩石学薄片鉴定和高精度原位无损XRF扫描结果显示二佛寺摩崖造像赋存岩体为巨厚层中细粒岩屑长石砂岩,在四段细分层位具有泥质含量较高的特点,病害分布显示该层段风化作用较强,结构稳定性差,在营造过程中易发生崩裂。结合地质图和野外地质考察可知,二佛寺所在地质基底稳定,三面天然崖壁有效降低了纵深向的工程量,潮湿低风的气候显著降低了砂岩的强度和营造难度,靠近内北道和下涞滩镇码头的地理位置保证了营造中人力、物力和财力的供给。涞滩二佛寺的选址充分考察并利用了自然赋予的优势,因地制宜,反映了古代匠人的前瞻性。The cliff-carving statues at Laitan Erfo Temple,Chongqing,are the largest Zen school Buddhist statues,which were listed among the sixth batch of State Priority Protected Cultural Heritages.This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the site selection of the statues,taking their distribution,preservation status,and geological characteristics into account,as well as factors such as geology,topography,climate,and historical geography.Petrographic thin-section analysis and high-precision in-situ non-destructive XRF scanning results reveal that the rock formation at Erfo Temple consists of thick layers of medium to fine grained lithic arkose sandstone.Within this formation,there are sublayers with a higher clay content,indicating a greater susceptibility to weathering.The distribution of structural defects shows that this layer has experienced significant weathering and has poor structural stability,making it prone to cracking during construction.Combining the geological map and field surveys,it is evident that the geological base of Erfo Temple is stable,with natural cliffs on three sides effectively reducing the depth-related engineering challenges.The humid and low-wind climate significantly lowers the strength of the sandstone and construction difficulty.The temple's proximity to the Inner North Road 内北道 and the Laitan Town pier ensures the availability of manpower,materials,and financial resources during construction.The site selection for Erfo Temple in Laitan fully makes full use of the natural advantages provided by the surroundings,demonstrating adaptability to the local conditions and reflecting the foresight of ancient craftsmen.

关 键 词：涞滩二佛寺 摩崖造像 地质学特征 选址 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]