内陆小型水体水汽传输系数和Priestley-Taylor系数的量化  

Quantification of Water Vapor Transport Coefficient and Priestley-Taylor Coefficient over Small Inland Water Bodies

作　　者：赵若男 肖薇[1] 石立新[2] 赵佳玉[1] 谢成玉 谢燕红 曹畅[1] 张弥[1] 郑有飞 Zhao Ruonan;Xiao Wei;Shi Lixin;Zhao Jiayu;Xie Chengyu;Xie Yanhong;Cao Chang;Zhang Mi;Zheng Youfei(Center on Atmospheric Environment,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Scotland Academy,Wuxi Taihu University,Wuxi 214064,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气环境中心,江苏南京210044 [2]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,河北石家庄050021 [3]无锡太湖学院苏格兰学院,江苏无锡214064

出　　处：《地球科学》2023年第10期3896-3911,共16页Earth Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFA0607202);国家自然科学基金(Nos.42021004,41975143);河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室开放研究基金项目(No.Z201901H).

摘　　要：小型水体(面积<1 km2)数量众多,面积占全球内陆水体总面积的40%以上,在天气气候系统、水循环和水资源管理中扮演着重要角色.选取安徽省全椒县官渡村一处养殖鱼塘作为小型水体的代表,自2017年6月至2020年5月利用涡度相关方法对蒸发量进行连续观测,基于体积传输方程插补了缺失数据,在月尺度上强迫能量闭合,并利用Priestley-Taylor模型研究平流影响.研究结果表明小型水体的水汽传输系数存在夏高冬低的季节变化特征,变化范围为1.9×10^(-3)~3.4×10^(-3),与风速、水面和空气温度差存在显著的相关关系.但是全球内陆水体水汽传输系数与水体面积的相关关系不显著.小型水体月尺度Priestley-Taylor模型α变化范围为1.14~1.78,8月最小,2月最大,最大值高于大型湖泊的开阔水面.与其他内陆水体相同,小型水体α系数呈现暖季低值、冷季高值的季节变化特征,说明夏季无明显平流影响,而冬季平流影响比较强烈.年尺度上,全球大型水体和小型水体的蒸发均会受到微弱的平流影响.Small water bodies(<1 km2)are numerous,with area accounting for more than 40%of the total area of global inland water area,and play an important role in weather and climate system,water cycle and water resources management.In this paper,the aquaculture pond in Quanjiao County of Anhui Province was selected as a representative of small water bodies.Continuous observations of evaporation from June 2017 to May 2020 were conducted using eddy covariance technology.Data gaps were interpolated based on bulk transfer equation,and energy balance closure was forced on monthly scale.Priestley-Taylor model was used to study the effect of advection.Results indicate that the water vapor transfer coefficient of small water bodies was higher in summer and lower in winter,with a range of 1.9×10^(-3) to 3.4×10^(-3).The monthly water vapor transfer coefficient was significantly correlated with wind speed and the difference between water surface temperature and air temperature over small water bodies.But the transfer coefficient is not significantly correlated with water body area.Theαcoefficient of Priestley-Taylor model over the small water body ranged from 1.14 to 1.78,with lowest value appeared in August and highest value appeared in February,and the maximum value is higher than those over open surface of large lakes.Similar to other inland water bodies,theαcoefficient over small water bodies was lower in warm season and higher in cold season,indicating that advection effect was weak in summer and strong in winter.On annual time scale,evaporation of both small and large water bodies were affected by weak advection.

关 键 词：蒸发 小型水体 涡度相关法 Priestley-Taylor模型 水汽传输系数 平流 气象学 气候学 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]