对俄制裁背景下的俄中经贸合作  

Russian-Chinese Trade and Economic Cooperation amid Anti-Russian Sanctions

作　　者：  王丽梅(译)[2] Sergey Lukonin;Ivan Vakhrushi;WANG Limei

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯科学院普里马科夫世界经济和国际关系研究所亚太研究中心中国经济与政治研究室 [2]东北农业大学俄语系

出　　处：《西伯利亚研究》2023年第4期5-16,117,共13页Siberian Studies

摘　　要：2010—2021年,俄中贸易额增长1.5倍,中国一直保持俄罗斯最大贸易伙伴的地位,但是俄罗斯对中国的进出口额占中国外贸总额的比重极低。俄罗斯对中国的碳氢化合物出口量占第一位,中国则是俄罗斯市场最大的机械技术产品供应国,这既构成了相互贸易的坚实基础,也造成两国贸易的不平衡。2010—2021年,双边贸易结构没有发生实质性变化,但是俄罗斯的出口结构出现积极转变,即农产品、食品和冶金产品等比重增加。俄中投资领域的合作表现出投资来源多样化的特点(离岸投资、非正式合作活跃等),这给统计两国相互投资规模造成了一定困难。但可以确定的是,中国投资者正突破对俄投资传统领域,扩大在建筑和工业领域的参与。当前,西方对俄制裁是俄中进一步发展合作的最大障碍。但是,西方的制裁压力也为加快俄中本币结算等积极进程创造了前提条件。总体上可以预测,俄中将会创建新的合作形式和合作机制,以抵消制裁风险,继续保持高效合作。原文发表于俄罗斯《俄罗斯与亚太地区》杂志2023年第1期(1),经作者同意在《西伯利亚研究》以中文刊发。Between 2010 and 2021,the volume of Russian-Chinese trade increased by 2.5 times.Though China is Russia's largest trading partner,Russia's share in China's trade turnover is extremely small.Russia ranks first in the supply of hydrocarbons to China,while China is the largest supplier of machinery products in Russia.Thus,a solid foundation of mutual trade was formed though with its immanent imbalances:during the analyzed period,the structure of bilateral trade has not changed significantly.Still there are some positive changes in the composition of Russian exports-increase in the share of agricultural,food and metallurgical industries,etc.The peculiarity of Russian-Chinese investment cooperation is the variety of sources of investment(offshore,informal business activity,etc.),which creates some difficulties when taking into account the total volume of mutual investments.However,it can be argued that Chinese investors are going beyond the boundaries of their traditional areas of capital application in Russia and are expanding their presence in the construction and industrial sectors.Currently,Western anti-Russian sanctions are a powerful constraint on the further development of bilateral cooperation.At the same time,Western sanctions pressure creates opportunity for forced transition to settlements in national currencies.In general,it can be predicted that for further effective interaction the two countries will develop new formats and mechanisms of cooperation in order to neutralize sanctions risks.The original article was published in the Russian journal Regions:Economics and Sociology,No.1,2023.With the consent of the author,it is published in Siberian Studies in Chinese.

关 键 词：俄中贸易 贸易结构 俄中投资合作 外国直接投资 联合投资项目 对俄制裁 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F151.2