比利时国家民族共同体构建困境探究  

Study on the Dilemma of the Construction of Belgian National Community

作　　者：庄晨燕 赵科景 ZHUANG Chen-yan;ZHAO Ke-jing(Faculty of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2023年第5期32-39,共8页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西方多党制在应对地区-民族分离主义问题上的困境与挑战研究”(项目编号:18BMZ105);国家社科基金社科学术社团主题学术活动资助项目“21世纪以来增进‘国家民族’凝聚力的国别比较研究”(项目编号:21STA022)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：比利时1830年独立建国,实施单一制,以法语为官方语言,20世纪70年代为解决国内地区民族分离问题实行族群联邦制。然而,族群联邦制并未解决困扰比利时的国家整合问题,反而进一步加剧了弗拉芒地区的独立倾向。该研究尝试超越制度主义范式局限,从历时和共时视角剖析比利时族群联邦制的生成和运行,探究导致国家民族共同体构建困境的深层机制。族群联邦制成功与否,关键在于相关国家是否经过真正意义上的内生性国家建构,国家民族共同体能否在单一性和多元性之间达成均衡,形成凝聚力和向心力。比利时族群联邦制的危机归根结底在于超越族群分隔的包容性国家民族共同体的缺失。两大主体民族——瓦隆和弗拉芒之间从建国前到建国后,自始至终缺乏保证联邦制健康运行的“联邦共同意识”。Belgium was established as an independent country in 1830 with a unitary system and French as its official language.In the 197Os,ethnofederalism was implemented to solve the problem of ethnic separation in the country.However,ethnofederalism did not solve the national integration problem that plagued Belgium,but further intensified the independence tendency of the Flemish region.This study tries to go beyond the limitations of the institutionalism paradigm,analyze the formation and operation of Belgian ethnic federalism from a diachronic and synchronic perspective,and explore the deep mechanism that leads to the dilemma of the construction of the Belgian national community.The key to the success of ethnofederalism lies in whether the relevant countries have undergone true endogenous national construction,whether the national community can achieve a balance between unity and diversity,and form a true cohesion and centripetal force.The crisis of Belgian ethnofederalism ultimately lies in the absence of an inclusive national community that transcends ethnic divisions.From before the founding of the state to after the founding of the state,the two major ethnic groups,Wallonia and Flemish,lacked the"federal togetherness"to ensure the healthy operation of ethnicfederalism.

关 键 词：国家民族共同体 族群联邦制 地区民族分离 联邦共同意识 

分 类 号：D062[政治法律—政治学]