旅游活动对塞罕坝两种林型大型土壤动物多样性影响  

Effects of tourism activities on the diversity of soil macro-fauna of two forest vegetation in Saihanba area

作　　者：胡娅丽 左鑫钰 田龙 杨晋宇[1,2,3] 庞永奇 宋立敏 HU Yali;ZUO Xinyu;TIAN Long;YANG Jinyu;PANG Yongqi;SONG Limin(College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Forest Cultivation in Saihanba of Hebei Province,Chengde 067000,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Forest and Forest Protection of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北塞罕坝森林培育国家长期科研基地,河北承德067000 [3]河北省林木种质资源与森林保护重点实验室,河北保定071000

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2023年第4期443-452,共10页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971651);河北省自然科学基金(C2018204154);亚太森林组织(APFNet)资助项目(2021P2-CHN)。

摘　　要：为探讨森林旅游对不同森林类型内大型土壤动物多样性的影响,以塞罕坝机械林场旅游区和非旅游区内华北落叶松纯林和落叶松白桦混交林为研究对象,利用陷阱法采集大型土壤动物,对比分析群落结构、多样性和功能群组成等对旅游干扰的响应。结果显示,共大型土壤动物4224头,隶属4纲7目41科86种。旅游区落叶松纯林地表大型土壤动物个体数、类群数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)显著高于混交林(P<0.05),非旅游区差异不显著。旅游活动降低了2种林型内大型土壤动物个体数和物种数,其中混交林内大型土壤动物物种数显著减少(P<0.05)。双因素方差分析显示,旅游活动和林型对土壤动物优势类群和部分常见类群影响显著(P<0.05)。各功能群中以捕食性土壤动物个体数和腐食性土壤动物物种数最高;旅游活动显著降低落叶松纯林捕食性土壤动物个体数和植食性土壤动物H,显著降低混交林腐食性土壤动物物种数和H,以及植食性土壤动物的H和均匀度指数(Jd)。聚类分析和主成分分析显示,旅游活动对大型土壤动物群落的影响大于林分类型。凋落物全磷含量、全碳含量、厚度、生物量,土壤全磷含量、含水量、容重、C/P是影响土壤动物群落分布的重要因子(P<0.05)。塞罕坝地区旅游活动改变了凋落物理化性质,一定程度上降低了2种林分大型土壤动物的种类和数量,混交林内凋落物耐踩踏性低于落叶松林,土壤动物受影响程度更高。In order to explore the effect of forest tourism on the diversity of soil macro-fauna in different forest vegetation,the Larix principis-rupprechtii pure forest and Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla mixed forest in the tourist areas and non tourist areas of Saihanba Mechanized Forestry Farm of Hebei Province,were taken as research objects.The soil macro-fauna were collected by pitfall trap,and the responses of their community structure,diversity and functional group composition to tourism disturbance were compared and analyzed.The results showed that a total of 4 224 soil macro-fauna were obtained,belonging to 4 classes,7 orders,41 families and 86 species.The individual numbers,species numbers and Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H) of soil macro-fauna in larch forest in tourist areas were significantly higher than those in mixed forests(P0.05),while the differences in non-tourist areas were not significant.Tourism activities reduced the individuals and species numbers of soil fauna in the two types of forests,and especially in mixed forests,the species numbers of soil fauna showed decreased significantly(P0.05).Two-way ANOVA showed that tourism activities and forest types had significant affected on dominant taxa and some common taxa.Among the functional groups,the individual numbers of predatory and the species numbers of saprophytic soil fauna were the highest.Tourism activities significantly reduced the individual numbers of predatory and the H of phytophagous soil fauna in larch forest,significantly reduced the species numbers and H of saprophagous soil fauna,as well as the diversity and evenness index of phytophagous soil fauna in mixed forests.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that tourism activities had a greater impact on soil fauna community than vegetation types.Total phosphorus content,total carbon content,thickness,biomass of litter,soil total phosphorus content,water content,bulk density,and C/P were important factors affecting the spatial distribution of soil f

关 键 词：土壤动物 旅游活动 多样性 华北落叶松纯林 落叶松白桦混交林 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]