油田常压储罐安全泄放设施设计  

Design of Safety Relief Facilities for Oil Field Atmospheric Storage Tanks

作　　者：盛楠 Sheng Nan(State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety,Shandong,Qingdao,266104;SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shandong,Qingdao,266104)

机构地区：[1]化学品安全全国重点实验室,山东青岛266104 [2]中石化安全工程研究院有限公司,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《安全、健康和环境》2023年第10期70-76,共7页Safety Health & Environment

摘　　要：为常压储罐设置恰当的保护设施,可以有效防止常压储罐的超压与负压情况发生。分析了某油田实际工况,确定了原油储罐内气相空间压力调节方案。以油田储运原油工艺为实例,对油田正常生产工况及事故工况进行总结分析,并基于常压储罐进出油品、热效应和火灾这3种呼吸条件,分别采用API 2000及SH/T 3007标准对储罐的呼吸量、呼吸有效面积进行计算。API 2000选择在罐顶设置2台DN250的呼吸阀,1台DN600的紧急泄压人孔;SH/T 3007选择在罐顶设置2台DN300的呼吸阀,1台DN500的紧急泄压人孔。通过对比计算过程和结果分析,可知API 2000计算过程较为详尽,结果更接近实际情况;SH/T 3007选择数据更加便捷,有一定的工程应用价值,但容易疏漏闪蒸气量,且不能明确火灾引起的呼气量。The overpressure and negative pressure of atmospheric tank can be effectively prevented by setting appropriate protection facilities for atmospheric tank.The actual working condition of an oil field was analyzed,and the gas phase space pressure regulation scheme in a crude oil storage tank was determined.Taking the process of oil storage and transportation in oil field as an example,the normal production conditions and accident conditions of oil field were summarized and analyzed.Based on the three breathing conditions of oil intake and outlet,thermal effect and fire,API 2000 and SH/T 3007 standards were used to calculate the breathing volume and effective breathing area of the storage tank.In API 2000,two breathing valves of DN250 and one breathing valve of DN600 were set up in the tank top and emergency pressure relief manhole,respectively.In SH/T 3007,two DN300 breathing valves were set on the top of the tank and one DN500 breathing valve was set in the emergency pressure relief manhole.By comparing the calculation process and the result analysis,the calculation process of API 2000 was more detailed and the result was closer to the actual situation.SH/T 3007 was more convenient to select data and had certain engineering application value,but it was easy to miss the amount of flash vapor and cannot determine the expiratory volume caused by fire.

关 键 词：常压储罐 泄放设施 呼吸量 热效应 火灾 泄放面积 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]