“阶级”视角的变迁与文化研究的发展  

The Transference of Class Perspective and the Development of Cultural Studies

作　　者：肖祥 Xiao Xiang(Literary Theory at the School of Humanities and New Media, Yangtze University)

机构地区：[1]长江大学人文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2023年第5期38-47,共10页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义文学批评经典重铸与当代拓展研究”(19&ZD263)。

摘　　要：“阶级”是马克思主义的核心概念之一,也是文化研究的母题之一。文化研究的发展深受阶级视角变迁的影响,以利维斯为代表的文化守成主义者,站在少数精英阶层的立场维护文化传统和秩序;以威廉斯为代表的文化马克思主义者,站在以工人阶级为主体的大众立场肯定工人阶级及大众文化的价值;以费斯克为代表的“不加批判的文化民粹主义”,以抽象的“大众”消解阶级,以文化意义的再生产抵抗文化霸权。对“阶级”和政治经济学的放弃一度使文化研究陷入困境和范式危机。文化研究的未来在于与政治经济学结合,回归马克思主义阶级理论和阶级分析,面向数字时代,关注数字劳工(劳动),展开数字资本主义批判。由此可见,学术立场和价值判断对文化研究具有重要意义,阶级分析对于文化研究仍然具有有效性。“Class” is both one of the core concepts of Marxism and one of the major topics in Cultural Studies.The development of Cultural Studies has been deeply influenced by the transference of class perspective.The Cultural Conservatives,represented by Leavis,maintain the cultural tradition and order from the standpoint of the minority elites;the Cultural Marxists,represented by Williams,side with the public,which counts the working class as its main body,in affirming the importance of the working class and the value of mass culture.“The non-critical Cultural Populism,” represented by Fiske,decomposes class through the abstract notion of “masses” and resists cultural hegemony through the reproduction of cultural meanings.For a time,the abandonment of class stance and political economy led Cultural Studies into a dilemma and a paradigm crisis.The future of Cultural Studies lies in our readiness to integrate itself with political economy,return to Marxist theory of class and class analysis,embrace the digital age,pay close attention to digital labor,and carry out the critique of digital capitalism.To this end,academic standpoint and value judgment are imperative to Cultural Studies,and class analysis is still an effective approach.

关 键 词：阶级 文化研究 文化守成主义 文化马克思主义 文化民粹主义 数字劳工 

分 类 号：G05[文化科学]