社区活动空间和食物环境对居民冠心病的影响——基于病例库的上海市实证  

INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY SPACE AND FOOD ENVIRONMENT ON RESIDENTS'CORONARY HEART DISEASE:AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF SHANGHAI BASED ON CASE DATABASE

作　　者：李煜[1,2,3] 丁文晴 徐跃家 曹嘉添 葛均波 LI Yu;DING Wenqing;XU Yuejia;CAO Jiatian;GE Junbo

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学 [2]北京建筑大学未来建筑技术学院 [3]北建大·品览人工智能设计实验室 [4]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院 [5]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,建筑全过程国家级虚拟仿真实验教学中心 [6]上海复旦大学附属中山医院心内科 [7]上海复旦大学附属中山医院 [8]中国科学院

出　　处：《城市规划》2023年第10期92-101,共10页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52178002);国家自然科学基金青年项目(51608021);国家自然科学基金面上项目(81500382);自然科学基金青年项目(52008015)。

摘　　要：社区空间规划直接和间接地影响着居民的心脏健康。基于2017—2019年上海市冠心病手术病例库数据,运用相关性分析和验证性因素分析,探究社区中活动空间和食物环境对居民患病的影响。实证表明:(1)活动空间中,运动健身等6类设施可达性与患病率呈显著负相关;(2)食物环境中,甜品店等8类设施可达性与患病率呈显著正相关,便利店等两类设施可达性与患病率呈显著负相关;(3)在验证性因素分析方面搭建了CFA结构模型,清晰表征了25类社区空间要素与冠心病的数理关系和相关强度,其中,与正餐获取途径的相关性最为明显。运用CFA模型评价上海市社区环境引发居民冠心病的风险,结果呈明显空间聚集性。研究认为,应通过城市规划设计手段,保障上述活动空间可达性和健康食品均好性,主动干预社区环境中居民患冠心病的风险。Community space planning directly and indirectly afects residents'heart health.Based on the data of coronary heart disease surgeries in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019,correlation analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used to explore the influence of activity space and food environment in the community on residents'disease.The empirical results show that:(1)As for the activity space,the accessibility of six types of facilities such as sports and fitness is significantly negatively correlated with the rate of coronary heart disease.(2)As for the food environment,the accessibility of eight types of facilities such as dessert shops is significantly positively correlated with the rate of coronary heart disease,and the accessibility of two types of facilities such as convenience stores is significantly negatively correlated with the disease.(3)A structural model for confirmatory factor analysis is established to clearly characterize the mathematical relationship and influence intensity between 25 types of community spatial factors and coronary heart disease,of which the main meal access has themost obvious influence.The CFA model is used to evaluate the risk of coronary heart disease caused by community environment among residents in Shanghai,and the results show obvious spatial clustering.The study concludes that urban planning and design methods should be used to ensure the accessibility of the above-mentioned activity spaces and the availability of healthy food,so as to mitigate residents'risk of coronary heart disease.

关 键 词：社区环境 活动空间 食物环境 冠心病 CFA结构模型 上海 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]