刑法第64条涉案财物处理措施的体系性解读  

Systematic Interpretation of Article 64 of Chinese Criminal Law on The Measures for Handling Property Involved in Crime

作　　者：王永浩 WANG Yong-hao

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学法学院

出　　处：《江苏警官学院学报》2023年第5期20-25,共6页Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute

基　　金：山西省法学会法学研究课题“有组织犯罪涉案财产处置配套机制的体系性建构”(SXLS(2022)B12);山西省人民检察院检察理论研究课题“洗钱犯罪法律适用问题研究”(SX2022B10)。

摘　　要：我国刑法第64条内部逻辑关系混乱,并存在与刑法相关条款、刑事诉讼法中有关附带民事诉讼、“没收违法所得程序”等规定的外部协调问题。“追缴”是“返还”“没收”的或然型前置性程序措施,适用于违法所得及其他涉案财物不在案的情形;“责令退赔”具有实体处分性,包含退还替代物和以犯罪分子的合法财产赔偿损失等两层含义,适用于涉案财物因事实或法律原因无法追缴的情况;“返还”与“没收”都是对涉案财物的最终实体处分;“上缴”是对“没收的违禁品、供犯罪所用的本人财物以及不需要返还被害人部分的违法所得”进行最终转移的程序性措施。只有充分把握其中的逻辑关系,才能在文义与功能层面协调涉案财物处置与刑法相关条款以及刑事诉讼法中有关程序的关系。The internal logic relation of article 64 of China's criminal law is confused,and there are external coordination problems with related clauses of the criminal law,the criminal procedure law related to incidental civil proceedings,the"confiscation of illegal gains procedure"and so on."Recovery"is a probable preemptive procedural measure of"return"and"confiscation",which is applicable to the situation where illegal gains and other property involved are not documented."Ordered return and compensation"has a substantive disposition,including the return of substitutes and the criminal's legal property compensation for losses and other two meanings,applicable to the property involved in the case of fact or legal reasons can not be recovered."Return"and"confiscation"are the final physical disposition of the property involved."Handing over"is a procedural measure for the final transfer of"confiscated contraband,personal property used for the crime and illegal gains that do not need to be returned to the victim."Only by fully grasping the logical relationship,can we coordinate the relationship between the disposal of property involved in the case and the relevant provisions of the criminal law and the relevant procedures in the criminal procedure law at the level of context and function.

关 键 词：涉案财物处理措施 赔偿经济损失 责令赔偿损失 附带民事诉讼 没收违法所得程序 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]