金元时期汉语常用词“肥人”“肥白人”“瘦人”的语义演变——以医籍为例  

Semantic Evolution of Common Chinese Words“Fei Ren”,“Fei pangren”and“Shou Ren”in Jin and Yuan Dynasties——A Case Study of Medical Ji

作　　者：涂海强 程志兵[2] Tu Haiqiang;Chen Zhibing(School of International Education,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang,325000;School of Literature and Journalism,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,Shandong,255049)

机构地区：[1]温州大学国际教育学院,浙江温州325000 [2]山东理工大学文学与新闻传播学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《语文学刊》2023年第5期40-43,共4页Journal of Language and Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“金元医籍语言研究”(17BYY134)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：金元时期涌现出了一些汉语常用词,本文以医籍为例探求“肥人”“肥白人”“瘦人”的语义演变。据研究,“肥人”最初在战国时期出现,金元沿用。它俗称“肥白人”,从唐代延续到明清,在向现代汉语“胖子”的演变中,其过渡阶段的词语是“肥胖人”,它出现在明代,延续到清代。出现颜色语素的词语“白胖子”,与“肥白人”相对,但出现在清代,沿用到现代汉语中。“瘦人”与“肥人”相对,出现在战国,金元沿用。明清时期出现颜色语素位置前移或后移的词项“瘦黑人”“黑瘦人”,“瘦子”一词也是明清出现,颜色义“黑”“黄”前置“瘦子”,一直传承至现代汉语中。During the Jin and Yuan dynasties,some common Chinese words emerged,taking medical Jin and Yuan as an example to explore the semantic evolution of“Fei Ren”,“Fei Bairen”and“Shou Ren”.According to research,“Fei Ren”first appeared in the Warring States period,Jin Yuan used.Commonly known as“Fei Bairen”,it lasted from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the evolution to the modern Chinese“Fei Ren”,the transitional phrase was“Fei Ren”,which appeared in the Ming Dynasty and continued to the Qing Dynasty.The word“Bai Pangzi”,which appears as a color morpheme,is the opposite of“Fei Bairen”,but it appeared in the Qing Dynasty and is used in modern Chinese.“Shou Ren”and“Fei Ren”opposite,appeared in the Warring States,Jin Yuan used.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,the lexical items“Shou Heiren”and“Hei Shouren”with color morphemes moved forward or backward appeared.The word“Shou Zi”also appeared in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and the color meaning“black”and“yellow”preceded“Shou Zi”,which has been inherited into modern Chinese.

关 键 词：金元 医籍 语义演变 肥人 瘦人 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]