移栽期对云烟97上部烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of Transplanting Periods on Quality of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves of Yunyan 97

作　　者：张岚清 高华峰 张军刚 李玲美[2] 桑应华 申苗苗 李春乔 李祖红[2] 卢君龙[2] 刘彦中[1] 罗以贵[1] ZHANG Lan-qing;GAO Hua-feng;ZHANG Jun-gang(College of Tobacco,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Qujing Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Qujing,Yunnan 655000)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司,云南曲靖655000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第21期37-42,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省烟草公司科技计划重点项目“提高滇东北烟区上部烟叶烘烤质量关键技术研究与应用”(云烟科[2020]39号)。

摘　　要：为缓解滇东北烟区上部烟叶成熟时低温造成的影响,提高上部叶的产质量,采用田间试验的方法,研究不同移栽时间对云烟97的上部烟叶农艺性状、生育期、表观特征、叶片组织结构、酶活性、经济性状、鲜干比、外观质量的差异,分析其对烟株生长发育以及产值量的影响。结果表明,4月21—25日移栽处理大田生育期最短,为113 d,该处理可提高上部烟叶SOD、PPO酶活性,降低NR酶活性和MDA含量,鲜干比、栅栏组织和海绵组织的比值均最小,成熟度最好,增加上部烟叶开片度及抗逆性,有利于烟株的生长发育,产量及产值最高,比4月26—30日处理初烤烟叶产量提高521.42 kg/hm~2,产值增加11 529.42元/hm~2,上等烟的比例达50.71%。因此,移栽期为4月21—25日时更有利于改善宣威烟区烤烟上部叶组织结构,提高上部烟叶的抗逆性、产量及外观质量。In order to alleviate the effects of low temperature on tobacco leaf ripening in the upper tobacco-growing area of northeast Yunnan and to improve the yield and quality of the upper leaves,field experiment was used to study the effects of different transplanting time on the agronomic traits,growth period,apparent characteristics,leaf structure,enzyme activity,economic traits,fresh-dry ratio and appearance quality of Yunyan 97 tobacco leaves.Effects on the growth and yield and quality of tobacco plants were researched.Results showed that the transplanting treatment of field growth period from April 21 to April 25 was 113 d,which was the smallest.This treatment increased the SOD,PPO enzyme activities,decreased NR enzyme activities and MDA content,had the smallest fresh-dry ratio and the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue,and the optimal maturity.Increasing the opening degree and stress resistance of the upper tobacco was conducive to the growth and development of tobacco plants and the yield and output value were highest in this transplanting treatment.Compared with the treatment of transplanting from April 26 to April 30,the yield of primary flue-cured tobacco increased by 521.42 kg/hm 2,the output value increased by 11529.42 yuan/hm 2,and the proportion of high-grade tobacco reached 50.71%.Therefore,when the transplanting period was from April 21 to April 25,it was more beneficial to improve the tissue structure of the upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Xuanwei tobacco-growing area,and to improve the stress resistance,yield and appearance quality of the upper leaves.

关 键 词：烤烟上部叶 移栽期 表观特征 叶片组织结构 酶活性 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]