不同温度处理对嫁接西瓜幼苗生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of Different Temperature Treatments on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

作　　者：刘叶琼[1] 汤伟华 冯英娜[1] 张更 孙朋朋 赵彬[1] LIU Ye-qiong;TANG Wei-hua;FENG Ying-na(Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Jurong,Jiangsu 212400)

机构地区：[1]江苏农林职业技术学院,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第21期53-56,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏农林职业技术学院乡村产业振兴“亚夫科技服务”专项(2021kj09)。

摘　　要：以“超丰F1”葫芦砧木和“抗病京欣”西瓜接穗为试材,采用顶端插接(T_1)、劈接(T_2)、双断根嫁接(T_3)3种嫁接方法,研究嫁接苗在适温(22~25℃)、亚适温(17~20℃)、低温(12~15℃)处理下生长发育和生理特性。结果表明,不同温度处理10 d后,温度保持在亚适温条件下,对嫁接苗根的伸长和根系的质量较为有益。嫁接西瓜幼苗的根数差异不显著,而最长根和最长侧根随着温度的增长而增多,萌动根在低温条件下最多。嫁接苗在低温和亚适温条件下,幼苗的株高、叶面积和叶片数与适温条件下相比呈减小趋势,而茎粗差异不显著。随着温度降低,3种嫁接苗的地上部干重、全株干重逐渐降低,地下部干重、根冠比逐渐升高。嫁接苗和自根苗(CK)壮苗指数随着温度的降低而增大,但差异未达显著水平。低温条件加剧了叶绿素的降解。而3种嫁接方法中尤以T_3处理幼苗新诱导的根系无主根,须根多,增强须根的活力,使得根系的生长发育最强,而叶片数和叶面积随着温度的降低而逐渐减小,其地上部干重和全株干重在亚适温条件下表现最好。With‘super abundance F1’gourd varieties as the stock,and‘disease-resistant jing xin’watermelon varieties as the scion,development and physiological characteristics of grafted seedlings under the treatment of suitable temperature(22-25℃),sub optimal temperature(17-20℃)and low temperature(12-15℃)by top grafting method(T 1),cleft grafting method(T 2)and double grafting(T 3)were studied.The results showed that after 10 days of treatment with different temperatures,the temperature was kept at sub optimal temperature,which was more beneficial to the elongation and quality of root system of grafted seedlings.The root number of grafted watermelon seedlings had no significant difference,but the longest root and the longest lateral root increased with the increase of temperature,and the sprouting root showed the most under low temperature.Under low temperature and sub optimal temperature,the plant height,leaf area and leaf number of grafted seedlings showed a decreasing trend compared with those under optimal temperature,while the difference in stem diameter was not significant.With the change of temperature from high to low,the dry weight of the above ground and the whole plant of the three grafted seedlings decreased gradually,while the dry weight of the underground and the root shoot ratio increased gradually.The strong seedling index of grafted seedlings and the own-rooted seedlings(control)increased with the decrease of temperature,but the difference was not significant.The degradation of chlorophyll was intensified under low temperature.Among the three grafting methods,the newly induced roots of T 3 treated seedlings had no taproot,more fibrous roots,and increased the vitality of fibrous roots,which made the growth and development of roots strongest,while the number of true leaves and leaf area gradually decreased with the decrease of temperature.The dry weight of shoot and the dry weight of whole plant were the best under the sub optimal temperature conditions.

关 键 词：温度 西瓜 双断根嫁接 光合 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]