中国特有植物银杉直播造林技术研究  

Study on the Direct Seeding Afforestation Technology of Chinese Endemic Plant Cathaya Argyrophylla

作　　者：冯育才 程泽佳 江龙 韩继怀 勾伟 冯明桥 王尤 李乔明 Feng Yucai;Cheng Zejia;Jiang Long;Han Jihuai;Gou Wei;Feng Mingqiao;Wang You;Li Qiaoming(Guizhou Management Bureau of Dashahe National Nature Reserve,Zunyi 563500,China;Guizhou Everbright Navigation Surveying and Mapping Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大沙河国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州遵义563500 [2]贵州光大远航测绘工程有限公司,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第10期7-12,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合J字[2015]21号)。

摘　　要：目的:总结出银杉直播造林切实可行的技术方法,为珍稀树种银杉野外回归提供新的途径,并为合理保护银杉及银杉自然保护区的可持续管理提供科学依据。方法:通过设计不同地点、不同整地方式、不同遮阴度的直播造林试验,对银杉出苗率、死亡率、苗木生长等数据进行统计分析。结果:与海拔约700 m的玉溪镇插旗比较而言,银杉直播造林在海拔约1400 m的阳溪镇青菜坪,出苗效果好,死亡率低,保存率高;整地方式以小块状整地为宜,大块状和带状整地破土面积较大,导致直播苗在裸露的地上生长,故保存率较低;当林分郁闭度超过0.7时,发芽率显著降低,苗木死亡率显著提高,说明银杉小苗不特别耐阴。结论:银杉直播造林宜选择在海拔约1400 m、土层深厚、排水方便、黄壤或黄棕壤等与天然银杉分布立地条件相近的地方,采用小块状整地,郁闭度不宜超过0.7;银杉种子萌发有隔年出苗现象,银杉直播萌发出苗集中在5~6月,幼苗死亡高发期为6~8月,必须加强苗期前三年的管理,重点是5~8月。Objective:Summarized practical and feasible technical methods for direct seeding afforestation of Cathaya argyrophylla to provide a new way for the wild return of rare tree species C.argyrophylla,and provide scientific basis for the rational protection of C.argyrophylla and sustainable management of C.argyrophylla natural reserves.Method:By designing direct seeding afforestation experiments with different locations,land preparation methods,and shading levels,statistical analysis was conducted on data such as emergence rate,death rate,and seedling growth of C.argyrophylla.Results:Compared with and Yuxi Town Chaqi at an altitude of about 700 meters,C.argyrophylla direct seeding afforestation in town Yangxi Town Qingcaiping at an altitude of about 1400 meters had better seedling emergence effect,lower mortality rate,and higher preservation rate;The appropriate method for land preparation was to use small plots of land,while large and banded plots of land had a larger breaking area,which leaded to the growth of live seedlings on exposed ground,resulting in a lower preservation rate;When the canopy density of the forest exceeded 0.7,the germination rate significantly decreased and the seedling mortality rate significantly increased,indicating that C.argyrophylla seedlings were not tolerant to shade.Conclusion:It was recommended to use small block land preparation in the area with an altitude of about 1400 m,deep soil layer, convenient drainage, yellow loam soil or yellow brown loam soil, which was similar tothe distribution site conditions of natural C. argyrophylla, and the canopy density should not exceed 0.7.The C. argyrophylla seeds had alternate germination characteristics. The germination of Alternate germinationseeds was concentrated in May to June, and the high incidence of seedling death was from June toAugust. So it is necessary to strengthen the management of the first three years of seedling stage, especiallyfrom May to August.

关 键 词：银杉 直播造林 海拔 整地方式 遮阴 

分 类 号：S791.19[农业科学—林木遗传育种]