基于加的夫语法视角的现代汉语“被”字句探究  

A Study of the Chinese"Bei(被)"Sentence Based on the Cardiff Grammar

作　　者：杨锦 姚双云[2] YANG Jin;YAO Shuang-yun(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming,Yunnan,650500;Research Center for Language and Language Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学文学院,云南昆明650500 [2]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期127-135,共9页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“位置敏感语法:基于汉语口语中的连词研究(18AYY021)”;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“现代汉语口语语法多层面多角度研究”(17JJD740007)。

摘　　要：“被”字句是现代汉语中特征较为显著的一类重要句式,一直以来是汉语语法研究的热点。文章运用系统功能语言学的加的夫语法研究范式,探讨了“被”字的句法功能及其词性分布,以及无标记“被”字句、“被”前无被动受体的“被”字句、复杂形式“被”字句(含多个兼语为例)等三类“被”字句的特殊句型。研究表明:加的夫语法框架下“被”字在小句中主要有两种功能:一是充当主要结构成分;二是充当基础结构成分。加的夫语法不仅能够回答无标记“被”字句成立的原因并对其进行有效识别,解释“被”前无被动受体的“被”字句两种格式的基本功能,还能揭示复杂形式“被”字句形式层和语义层之间的深层联系。The Chinese"Bei(被)"sentence,an important sentence pattern with prominent characteristics in modern Chinese,has always been the focus of Chinese grammar research.This paper,from the perspective of the Cardiff Grammar—one model of Systemic Functional Linguistics,discussed the syntactic function and part of speech distribution of the word"Bei(被)"in Chinese,as well as three special types of"Bei(被)"sentences---unmarked"Bei(被)"sentences,"Bei(被)"sentences without passive receptors before"Bei(被)",and complex"Bei(被)"sentences(including multiple pivotal constructions).The research showed that"Bei(被)"has two main functions in clauses under the framework of Cardiff Grammar:to act as the main structural component and the basic structural component.Cardiff Grammar can tell why the unmarked"Bei(被)"sentences are established and recognized,explain the basic functions of the two formats of"Bei(被)"sentences without passive receptors before"Bei(被)",and reveal the deep relationship between the syntactic level and semantic level of complex"Bei(被)"sentences.

关 键 词：加的夫语法 “被”字词性 特殊“被”字句 功能分析 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]