试论周遍的排除式表达  

Exclusive Forms in Inclusive Category

作　　者：史又今 SHI You-jin(School of Journalism and Communication,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai,200438)

机构地区：[1]上海体育大学新闻与传播学院,上海200438

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第6期136-141,共6页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“对外汉语教学语法大纲研制和教学参考语法书系”(17ZDA307)。

摘　　要：汉语中的周遍范畴常用词汇手段和特定语法手段来表达,两者在进行周遍表达的过程中,都存在排除部分成员的用法,即周遍的排除式表达。文章通过对被排除成员的考察,探讨周遍排除式表达的语用动因,发现排除式用法受到反预期表达的推动,通过使用违反受话人预期的表达来提供更多的信息量,符合会话合作原则。在此基础上,对周遍的语义内涵进行再思考,并分析使用周遍表达的充分条件和必要条件。周遍范畴的边缘具有一定的模糊性,只要主观上认为范畴内绝大多数成员具有相同特质,即可使用周遍表达手段。In Chinese,the vocabulary means such as"dou(都)""quan(全)""suoyou(所有)",and specific grammatical means are commonly used in inclusive category.In this process,there are ways to exclude some members,that is,exclusive forms in inclusive category.This paper,exploring the pragmatic motivations in using exclusive forms in inclusive category,found that the excluded usages are motivated by counter expectation expressions.Such consideration conforms to Cooperation Principle.Further,this paper analyzed the semantic meaning of inclusive category and the sufficient and necessary conditions for using inclusive expressions.

关 键 词：周遍 都 排除式 反预期 原型范畴 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]