硅和CO_(2)加富对Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响  

Effects of silicon and CO_(2)enrichment on the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seed⁃lings under Ca(NO_(3))_(2)stress

作　　者：杨小慧 崔云浩 张玉静 赵艺鸿 张毅[1] 石玉[1] Yang Xiaohui;Cui Yunhao;Zhang Yujing;Zhao Yihong;Zhang Yi;Shi Yu(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期29-38,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2014YJ21);山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201903D211011);山西省蔬菜产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(2023CYJSTX08-04)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究外源硅(Si)和CO_(2)加富对Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,探讨Si和CO_(2)加富缓解番茄Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫的作用机制。[方法]采用水培法,以2叶1心的“中杂9号”番茄幼苗为试材,CO_(2)浓度分别设置为常规(400±20)μmol·mol^(-1)(以4表示)和加富(800±20)μmol·mol^(-1)(以8表示),Si浓度设置为1.5 mmol·L^(-1)的Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O(以Si表示),以常规CO_(2)浓度、正常营养液为对照(以CK表示),研究外源Si和CO_(2)加富处理对100 mmol·L^(-1)Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫(以Ca表示)下番茄幼苗生长、光合特性、水分代谢、活性氧及抗氧化系统的影响。[结果](1)与4⁃CK相比,4⁃Ca处理显著抑制了番茄幼苗的生长,主要表现在总鲜质量、总干质量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、叶片水势、相对含水量、根系水力学导度及根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的显著下降,叶片和根系中超氧阴离子(O_(2)^(-))产生速率、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和丙二醛(MDA)含量及电解质渗漏率的显著升高。(2)与4⁃Ca相比,4⁃Ca⁃Si或8⁃Ca处理后番茄幼苗总鲜质量、总干质量、叶片水势、Pn及根系SOD活性均显著增加,4⁃Ca⁃Si后叶片中O_(2)^(-)产生速率、H_(2)O_(2)和MDA含量均显著降低,8⁃Ca处理后叶片中H_(2)O_(2)、MDA含量及电解质渗漏率均显著降低;8⁃Ca⁃Si处理后效果最显著,其中总鲜质量、总干质量均显著提高,叶片Pn、相对含水量、叶片水势、叶片和根系SOD活性显著增加;O_(2)^(-)产生速率、H_(2)O_(2)和MDA含量、电解质渗漏率均显著下降。[结论]外源施Si或CO_(2)加富可以通过提高净光合速率、水分代谢及抗氧化酶活性,降低活性氧的积累,从而缓解Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫对番茄生长发育的抑制,促进植株生长,其中8⁃Ca⁃Si处理的缓解效果最佳。[Objective]Present study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous silicon(Si)and CO_(2)enrichment on the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings under Ca(NO3)2 stress,and to explore the mechanism of Si and CO_(2)en-richment in alleviating Ca(NO3)2 stress in tomato.[Methods]Hydroponics cultivation was employed using two-leaf one-core to-mato seedlings of the variety"Zhongza 9".CO_(2)concentration was set to either normal(400±20)μmol·mol^(-1)(referred to as 4C)or enriched(800±20)μmol·mol^(-1)(referred to as 8C).Silicon(Si)concentration was set at 1.5 mmol·L^(-1)as Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O(referred to as Si).The control was maintained at normal CO_(2)concentration with regular nutrient solution(referred to as CK).The effects of exogenous Si and CO_(2)enrichment on tomato seedling growth,photosynthetic characteristics,water me-tabolism,reactive oxygen species,and antioxidant system under 100 mmol·L^(-1)Ca(NO3)2 stress(referred to as Ca)were stud-ied.[Results](1)Compared to 4C-CK,the 4C-Ca treatment significantly inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings,as indicated by a significant decrease(P<0.05)in total fresh weight,total dry weight,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),leaf water potential,relative water content,root hydraulic conductivity,and root superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in both leaves and roots.There was also a significant increase(P<0.05)in the production rate of superoxide anion(O_(2)^(-)),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,and electrolyte leakage rate in both leaves and roots.(2)Compared to 4C-Ca,the 4C-Ca-Si or 8C-Ca treatments significantly increased the total fresh weight,total dry weight,leaf water potential,Pn,and SOD activity in the roots of tomato seedlings(P<0.05).The 4C-Ca-Si treatment significantly reduced the O_(2)^(-)production rate,H_(2)O_(2),and MDA contents in leaves(P<0.05).The 8C-Ca treatment significantly reduced H_(2)O_(2),MDA content,and electrolyte leakage in leaves(P<0.05).The 8C-Ca-Si treatment produced the mos

关 键 词：硅 番茄 Ca(NO_(3))_(2)胁迫 CO_(2)加富 光合特性 水分代谢 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]