基于灌水下限和灌水额调控的设施番茄灌溉施肥制度研究  

Research on fertigation regime for Greenhouse tomato based on irrigation threshold and irrigation amount regulation

作　　者：韩瑛祚[1] 赵颖[1] 刘爱群[2] 娄春荣[1] 宫亮[1] 董环[1] Han Yingzuo;Zhao Ying;Liu Aiqun;Lou Chunrong;Gong Liang;Dong Huan(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110000,China;Institute of Vegetable,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所,辽宁沈阳110000 [2]辽宁省农业科学院蔬菜所,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期51-60,共10页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2022JH2/101300162);辽宁省农业科学院基本科研业务费资助项目(2021HQ1904);辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2023QN2406)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在优化北方设施番茄灌溉施肥模式,为区域设施番茄产业高效优质发展提供科学依据。[方法]本试验设3个灌水额水平(低水W1单次灌水额80 m^(3)·hm^(-2),中水W2单次灌水额160 m^(3)·hm^(-2),高水W3单次灌水额240 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),以田间持水量θ为基准,从番茄苗期到膨大期采用60%θ为灌溉下限,番茄着色成熟期采用50%θ为灌溉下限,设3个施肥水平(低肥F1总肥量N120⁃P_(2)O_(5)60⁃K_(2)O 75 kg·hm^(-2),中肥F2总肥量N180⁃P_(2)O_(5)90⁃K_(2)O 112.5 kg·hm^(-2),高肥F3总肥量N240⁃P_(2)O_(5)120⁃K_(2)O 150 kg·hm^(-2)),加常规灌溉施肥F处理(全生育期均以60%θ为灌水下限,单次灌水额160 m^(3)·hm^(-2),总肥量N180⁃P_(2)O_(5)90⁃K_(2)O 112.5 kg·hm^(-2)),共10个处理,比较不同灌溉施肥对番茄产量、灌溉水利用率、番茄品质风味的影响。[结果]在灌水下限和灌水额共同作用下,W1和W2灌溉水平的处理显著降低灌溉总量,W1、W2灌溉水平的处理显著提高灌溉水利用率,F1施肥水平的处理显著提高肥料偏生产力。各处理均显著提升番茄维生素C、可溶性糖和番茄红素含量。[结论]采用TOPSIS法进行综合分析,排序由前到后依次为W_(1)F_(1)>W_(1)F_(2)>W_(1)F_(3)>W_(2)F_(3)>W_(2)F_(2)>W_(2)F_(1)>W_(3)F_(1)>W_(3)F_(3)>W_(3)F_(2)>F,可见,该地区种植早春茬番茄,前期灌水下限为60%θ,着色成熟期灌水下限为50%θ,保持W1灌溉水平,可以获得较高的综合效益,W_(1)F_(1)为本试验的优选灌溉施肥模式。[Objective]Current study was designed to optimize the fertigation model for greenhouse tomatoes in northern regions and provide a scientific basis for the efficient and high-quality development of regional greenhouse tomato industry.[Method]In this study,three irrigation water levels(low level-W1,with a single irrigation amount of 80 m^(-3)·hm^(-2);medium level-W2,with a single irrigation amount of 160 m^(-3)·hm^(-2);high level-W3,with a single irrigation amount of 240 m^(-3)·hm^(-2))were set.Using soil water contentθas the reference,the irrigation lower limit was set to 60%θfrom the tomato seedling stage to the enlargement stage,and 50%θwas used as the irrigation lower limit during the tomato ripening stage.Three fertilization levels(low level-F1,with a total fertilizer amount of N120-P_(2)O_(5)60-K_(2)O75 kg·hm^(-2);medium level-F2,with a total fertilizer amount of N180-P_(2)O_(5)90-K_(2)O 112.5 kg·hm^(-2);high level-F3,with a total fertilizer amount of N240-P_(2)O_(5)120-K_(2)O 150 kg·hm^(-2))were estab-lished.A control group(F)was also included,which used conventional fertigation throughout the growth period(with 60%θas the irrigation lower limit and a single irrigation amount of 160 m^(-3)·hm^(-2),and a total fertilizer amount of N180-P_(2)O_(5)90-K_(2)O112.5 kg·hm^(-2)).A total of ten treatments were conducted and compared for their effects on tomato yield,irrigation water use efficiency,and tomato quality and flavor under different fertigation regimes.[Result]Under the combined effect of irrigation lower limits and irrigation amounts,treatments with W1 and W2 irrigation levels significantly reduced the total irrigation vol-ume,and treatments with W1 and W2 irrigation levels significantly improved irrigation water use efficiency.Treatment F1,with low fertilizer levels,significantly increased fertilizer productivity.All treatments significantly increased the levels of vita-min C,soluble sugar,and lycopene in tomatoes.[Conclusion]Using the TOPSIS method for comprehensive analysis,the ranking from

关 键 词：灌水下限 灌水额 灌溉施肥 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]