从“知识行动”到“社会行动”——基于结构化理论的反思与批判  

From Knowledge-Action to Social-Action: Reflection and CriticismBased on Structural Theory

作　　者：汪斌锋[1] WANG Binfeng(School of Marxism,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学马克思主义学院,上海200237

出　　处：《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期72-81,共10页Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“马克思资本观的时间异化批判思想研究”(18BKS004)。

摘　　要：吉登斯的结构化理论试图打破先在结构的知识陷阱,殊不知将知识引入行动的反身性建构逻辑也同样潜藏了“知识危机”。知识时代尤其如此,知识介入行动不仅呈现了知识滞后、知识弱化、知识隔离等知行困境,还呈现出知识—行动错配的情形。探究问题之源,需要对知识—行动—结构的类型进行回溯分析。作为理想化的拯救方案,知识—行动的双向奠基和行动—结构的知识搀扶都呈现了实践性展开的特征。因此,知识行动需要转向社会行动。这不是从吉登斯的结构化理论回归到帕森斯的结构论,而是相反,是让知识从特定的孤立化、凝固化、抽象化、形式化、绝对化的困境中“跳脱”出来,走向一种“社会中的行动”,即:让知识行动回归社会行动,让知识行动者回到社会行动中来。Giddens’ structuralization theory tries to break the knowledge trap of prior structure, but the reflexive construction logic that introduces knowledge into action also hides a “knowledge crisis”. This is especially true in the knowledge age, when knowledge intervenes in action, it not only presents the dilemma of knowledge lagging, knowledge weakening and knowledge isolation, but also presents the mismatch between knowledge and action. To explore the root of the problem, it is necessary to carry out a retrospective analysis of the types of knowledge-action-structure. As an idealized rescue scheme, both the bidirectional foundation of knowledge-action and the knowledge support of action-structure show the characteristics of practical development. Therefore, intellectual action needs to shift to social action. This is not a reentry from Giddens to Parsons. On the contrary, it involves letting knowledge to “transcend” the specific predicaments of isolation, solidification, abstraction, formalization and absolutism, thereby transforming knowledge into a kind of “social action”. In other words, bringing knowledge action back to social action, and letting knowledge actors rejoin social action.

关 键 词：知识行动 结构化理论 先在结构 知识危机 社会行动 

分 类 号：C912[经济管理]