喷施羧甲基纤维素铵对土壤水热效应及饲用苏丹草根系和产量的影响  

Effect of spraying ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose on soilhydrothermal effects and root system and yield of forage Sudan grass

作　　者：颜鑫 王英[3] 王永杰 刘汝亮[4] 郭萍[1,2] 杨世琦 YAN Xin;WANG Ying;WANG Yongjie;LIU Ruliang;GUO Ping;YANG Shiqi(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agricultural Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment and Climate Change,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Beijing 100081,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]农业农村部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第11期116-124,135,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BBF02007)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究喷施羧甲基纤维素铵(CMC-NH_(4))对土壤含水量和温度及苏丹草根系和产量的影响,为解决宁夏引黄灌区热量紧缺问题、保障后茬作物稳产增产提供技术支撑。【方法】在宁夏引黄灌区,以小麦收获后复种的苏丹草为材料,采用大田试验,设置喷施0 kg/hm^(2)(CK)、50 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、100 kg/hm^(2)(T2)、200 kg/hm^(2)(T3)和300 kg/hm^(2)(T4) CMC-NH_(4) 5个处理,研究喷施CMC-NH_(4)对土壤含水量和温度,以及苏丹草根系特征、株高和干草产量的影响,并分析了CMC-NH_(4)喷施量与土壤含水量、温度及苏丹草生长指标和产量间的相关性。【结果】喷施CMC-NH_(4)处理土壤含水量较对照显著提高2.82%~29.19%(P<0.05),且随着CMC-NH_(4)喷施量的增加而增大。喷施CMC-NH_(4)处理土壤温度较对照显著提高5.14%~31.82%,且随着CMC-NH_(4)喷施量的增加而增大。在0~30 cm土层,与对照相比,喷施CMC-NH_(4)处理苏丹草的根长、根直径、根表面积和根体积分别显著提高16.35%~65.52%,7.69%~30.77%,42.40%~93.85%和120.76%~229.90%;0~10 cm土层苏丹草根长、根直径、根表面积和根体积占0~30 cm土层的比例均最高,根长、根直径、根表面积和根体积分别较对照提高了21.21%~74.76%,9.68%~58.06%,61.95%~136.13%和122.60%~273.18%。与对照相比,喷施CMC-NH_4处理苏丹草0~1.0 mm径级根长、根表面积和根体积显著提高,其中以0.6~1.0 mm径级根系增加幅度较大。喷施CMC-NH_4处理苏丹草株高和干草产量较对照分别显著增加了9.34%~22.52%和55.50%~110.55%。相关性分析结果表明,CMC-NH_(4)喷施量与土壤含水量、温度及苏丹草的根直径、体积和干草产量呈极显著正相关,与根长和根表面积呈显著正相关。【结论】在宁夏引黄灌区农田喷施CMC-NH_(4)能够改善土壤水温状况,促进苏丹草根系生长,提高干草产量,当CMC-NH_(4)喷施量为200 kg/hm^(2)时效果最佳。【Objective】The effects of spraying ammonium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-NH_(4))on soil moisture content and temperature as well as roots and yield of Sudan grass were studied to provide support for solving the problem of heat shortage in the Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia and ensuring yield stability and increase of post-stubble crops.【Method】Sudan grass after wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia was sprayed with CMC-NH_(4) at concentrations of 0(CK),50(T1),100(T2),200(T3)and 300 kg/hm^(2)(T4).The effects of CMC-NH_(4) spraying on soil moisture content and temperature as well as root characteristics,plant height and hay yield of Sudan grass were studied and the correlations of spraying CMC-NH_(4) with soil water content,temperature growth index and yield of Sudan grass were analyzed.【Result】Spraying CMC-NH_(4) could significantly increase soil moisture by 2.82%-29.19%(P<0.05),and the influence increased with the increase of CMC-NH_(4) amount.Spraying CMC-NH_(4) significantly increased soil temperature by 5.14%-31.82%,and the effect increased with the increase of CMC-NH_(4) amount.In 0-30 cm soil layer,spraying CMC-NH_(4) significantly increased root length content by 16.35%-65.52%,root diameter by 7.69%-30.77%,root surface area by 42.40%-93.85%and root volume by 120.76%-229.90%.The 0-10 cm soil layer had the largest ratios with root length,root diameter,root surface area and root volume increases of 21.21%-74.76%,9.68%-58.06%,61.95%-136.13%and 122.60%-273.18%,respectively.Compared with the control,root length,root surface area and root volume of Sudan grass treated with CMC-NH_(4) in the diameter class of 0-1.0 mm were significantly increased with the largest increases in the diameter class of 0.6-1.0 mm.Spraying CMC-NH_(4) also significantly increased t plant height and hay yield of Sudan grass by 9.34%-22.52%and 55.50%-110.55%,respectively.【Conclusion】Spraying CMC-NH_(4) in the Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia improved soil water content and temperature,promoted r

关 键 词：羧甲基纤维素铵(CMC-NH_(4)) 土壤水热效应 苏丹草 根系特征 干草产量 宁夏引黄灌区 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]