2005—2021年上海市浦东新区学龄前儿童法定传染病流行情况分析  

Epidemiological analysis of notifiable infectious diseases in preschool children in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2005-2021

作　　者：张民 王佳成 许磊 ZHANG Min;WANG Jiacheng;XU Lei(Datuan Town Community Health Service Center of Pudong New Area,Shanghai 201311,China;Pudong New Area Maternal and Child Health Center of Shanghai,Shanghai 201399,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市浦东新区大团社区卫生服务中心,上海201311 [2]上海市浦东新区妇幼保健中心,上海201399

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2023年第6期72-75,共4页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市浦东新区卫生健康委员会卫生科技项目(PW2021A-76);浦东新区卫生系统医学学科建设资助(PWYgts2021-02)。

摘　　要：目的为学龄前儿童法定传染病的防控提供科学依据,提高儿童健康管理的服务水平。方法传染病信息来自中疾控传染病报告信息系统,常住人口数来源于上海统计年鉴,采用Excel 2019整理数据,疾病顺位和流行趋势采用描述性统计方法,季节性特征采用集中度M值和圆形分布计算方法,α=0.05。结果学龄前儿童法定传染病报告中,男童(60.93%)明显多于女童,3~4岁年龄组报告人数最多(43.19%),该县区和外地大约各占50%,报告人数最多的单位是上海儿童医学中心(47.31%)。疾病顺位以手足口病、水痘、流行性腮腺炎、猩红热、流行性感冒、感染感染性腹泻的发病人数较多,手足口病占总发病人数的73.52%(46541/63304)。学龄前儿童的法定传染病发病数从2005年开始逐增多,至2014年达到最高峰,后总体呈现下降的趋势。2005—2021年的17年间,集中度M值在0.3~0.5即具有一定季节性的有3年(2008年、2010年、2018年),M值在0.5~0.7即具有明显季节性的有1年(2020年),流行的高峰多出现在6~8月份。结论应加强对学龄前儿童手足口病的健康指导,提高手足口病疫苗的接种率,降低手足口病对学龄前儿童的健康危害。Objective To provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of notifiable infectious diseases in preschool children,and to improve the service level of children's health management.Methods Infectious disease information was obtained from the Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and the number of permanent residents was obtained from Shanghai Statistical Yearbook.Excel 2019 was used to organize and calculate data and draw charts.Descriptive statistical methods were used for analyzing disease ranking and epidemic trends.Seasonal characteristics were calculated by concentration M value and circular distribution,α=0.05.Results In the reports of notifiable infectious diseases for preschool children,boys(60.93%)were significantly more than girls,and the largest number of children reported were 3-4 years old(43.19%).The unit with the largest number of reports was Shanghai Children's Medical Center(47.31%).The order of the diseases was hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD),chickenpox,mumps,scarlet fever,influenza,and infectious diarrhea.HFMD accounted for 73.52% of the total(46541/63304).The incidence of notifiable infectious diseases among preschool children had been increasing since 2005,reaching a peak in 2014,and then showing a downward trend overall.In the 17 years from 2005 to 2021,there were 3 years(2008,2010,and 2018)with a concentration M value of 0.3-0.5,indicating that there was a certain seasonality,and one year(2020)with an M value of 0.5-0.7,indicating obvious seasonality.The peak of incidence mostly occurred from June to August.Conclusion It is suggested to strengthen the health guidance of HFMD in preschool children and increase the vaccination rate of HFMD vaccine to reduce the health harm of HFMD to preschool children.The prevention and control of COVID-19 has had an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of notifiable infectious diseases in preschool children.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 法定传染病 流行情况 疾病顺位 季节性 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]