锂离子电池热失控监测与预警的气敏技术研究进展  

Research progress of gas-sensing technologies for the monitoring and early warning of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：谭则杰 周晓燕 徐振恒 樊小鹏 田兵 王志明 李秋桐 付佳龙 李志勇 郭新[2] TAN Zejie;ZHOU Xiaoyan;XU Zhenheng;FAN Xiaopeng;TIAN Bing;WANG Zhiming;LI Qiutong;FU Jialong;LI Zhiyong;GUO Xin(Digital Grid Research Institute,China Southern Power Grid,Guangzhou 510700,Guangdong,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;School of Science,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]南方电网数字电网研究院有限公司,广东广州510700 [2]华中科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]湖北工业大学理学院,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2023年第11期3456-3470,共15页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：南网数研院技术合作项目(670000KK52220024)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池具有能量密度高、输出功率大等优点,是目前得到广泛应用的电化学储能器件之一。然而,电池运行过程中的电滥用、热滥用或机械滥用等会导致热失控发生,并进一步引发起火、燃烧甚至爆炸等安全问题,这严重限制了锂离子电池的发展。在锂离子电池热失控过程中,其内部会由于化学/电化学反应产生O_(2)、H2、碳氧化合物(CO_(2)、CO)、碳氢化合物(C_(2)H_(4)、CH4等)以及氟类气体(HF等)等特征气体,因此可以通过检测释放的气体组分和浓度对电池热失控行为进行监测和早期预警,从而提升电池安全性。本文对锂离子电池热失控的引发方式、产气机理、产气成分及其用于热失控早期预警的气敏技术研究进展进行综述。在此基础上,对热失控特征气体及其传感技术进行总结,并提出未来电池热失控早期预警的气体传感技术的发展思路。With the advantages of high energy and power densities,Li-ion batteries(LiBs)are widely used to power an increasingly diverse range of applications,including portable electrochemical energy-storage devices,electric vehicles,and large energy-storage power plants.In addition,they are considered the most competitive power sources for future green smart grids.With the increasing demand for energy sources and storage devices,LiBs with high energy density are continuously being pursued.However,high energy densities could result in high safety risks.The conventional organic liquid electrolyte components and olefinbased separators used in existing LiBs are flammable.In addition,nonuniform distribution of components,inhomogeneous interfacial contacts,and electrical,thermal,or mechanical abuses in the battery operating process can cause internal short circuit,thus releasing large amounts of Joules heat,resulting in a rapid temperature rise and thermal runaway propagation,thus triggering toxic gas release,smoke,fire,combustion or even explosion.To improve the safety and cycling lifetime of LiBs,the mechanism and process of thermal runaway must be understood.In addition,detection and warning technologies must be developed for the earlystages warning of the battery thermal runaway.Compared with technologies on monitoring the terminal voltage,current,and surface temperature,the gas-sensing approach can effectively detect the thermal runaway at a very early stage.During the thermal runaway process,LiBs produce characteristic gases,such as O_(2),H2,carbon oxides(CO,CO_(2)),hydrocarbons(C_(2)H_(4),CH4,etc.),and fluorine gases(HF,POF3,etc.),through chemical or electrochemical reactions.As such,the thermal runaway behavior of LiBs could be monitored and early warnings can be issued by detecting the composition and concentration of the released characteristic gases.This review comprehensively presents the research progress and prospects of gas-sensing techniques for the thermal runaway of LiBs.First,the paper summarizes the main cau

关 键 词：锂离子电池 热失控 早期预警 产气 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]