双刀式单滚筒剥麻机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Twin-cutters Single-roller Ramie Decorticator

作　　者：周韦[1] 吕江南[1] 向伟 马兰[1] 刘佳杰[1] 段益平 胡垚 颜波 ZHOU Wei;LYU Jiangnan;XIANG Wei;MA Lan;LIU Jiajie;DUAN Yiping;HU Yao;YAN Bo(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410221,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,湖南长沙410221

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2023年第5期224-232,共9页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家麻类产业技术体系(CARS-16-E21)。

摘　　要：小型反拉式苎麻剥麻机因反拉力大而存在滚筒伤手的安全隐患,研究设计了一款双刀式单滚筒剥麻机。采用单剥麻滚筒与双刀支撑件间隙可调的配合方式完成对苎麻茎秆的碾压破碎,利用双刀支撑件的内置弹簧实现剥麻间隙的自适应调节。通过对关键部件的结构设计,确定影响剥麻质量的关键结构参数,试制样机并开展样机试验研究。以滚筒转速、刀片安装角和弹簧压力作为影响因素,建立苎麻剥麻的鲜茎出麻率和纤维含杂率的数学模型,结合Box-Behnken试验方案进行多目标优化试验,寻求装置作业参数对苎麻剥麻的影响规律及最优参数组合。结果表明:各因素对鲜茎出麻率影响程度的高低顺序均为滚筒转速、弹簧压力、刀片安装角,各因素对纤维含杂率影响程度的高低顺序均为滚筒转速、刀片安装角、弹簧压力;剥麻机最佳工作参数组合为滚筒转速1020 r/min、刀片安装角13°、弹簧压力25 N。基于优化参数进行苎麻剥麻的生产验证实验,结果为样机生产率12.25 kg/h、背景噪音64 dB、鲜茎出麻率4.98%、纤维含杂率0.93%,各指标与模型预测值的相对误差均小于5%。In order to solve the potential safety hazard of hand injury caused by roller in due to large reverse tension of single-roller ramie decorticator,a light and compact reverse-drawing single-roller ramie decorticator was designed.The combination use of single-roller and adjustable twin-cutters sup⁃porting parts was adopted to complete the rolling and crushing of ramie stalk,and the self-adaptive ad⁃justment between decorticating interval was realized by using the built-in spring of twin-cutters support⁃ing parts.The structure of the key components was designed,and its parameters that affecting the quality of ramie fiber stripping are determined.The prototype was trial-produced and tested.Taking drum speed,cutter installation angle and spring pressure as influencing factors,the mathematical models for the fiber percentage of fresh stem and the impurity rate of ramie fiber were established.A multi-objective optimiza⁃tion was carried out in the Box-Behnken test.The influence of operating parameters on the ramie fiber decorticating was clarified and the optimal parameters were achieved.The results showed that the order of influence of various factors on the fiber percentage of fresh stem is drum speed,spring pressure,and cut⁃ter installation angle.The order of influence of each factor on the ramie fiber impurity rate is drum speed,cutter installation angle,and spring pressure.The optimal parameters for ramie fiber stripping were deter⁃mined as follow:the drum speed of 1020 r/min,cutter installation angle of 13°and spring pressure of 25 N.The production validation experiment of ramie stripping was conducted based on optimized parame⁃ters.The experimental results showed that the prototype production rate was 12.25 kg/h,the background noise was 64 dB,the fiber percentage of fresh stem was 4.98%,the ramie fiber impurity rate was 0.93%.The relative error between each index and the predicted value of the model was less than 5%.

关 键 词：剥麻机 双刀 苎麻 纤维 

分 类 号：S226.72[农业科学—农业机械化工程]