WTO框架下取消俄最惠国待遇的合法性及现实启示——从GATT1994第21条的适用范围谈起  

The Legality and Practical Implications of the Elimination of MFN Treatment for Russia under the WTO Framework:From the Scope of Article 21 of GATT 1994

作　　者：贾沛雯 JIA Peiwen(the Law School of the University of Leeds,Leeds,UK,LS29JT)

机构地区：[1]利兹大学法学院,英国利兹LS29JT

出　　处：《中州大学学报》2023年第5期46-52,共7页Journal of Zhongzhou University

摘　　要：由于俄罗斯的军事行动,以美国为首的西方国家依据GATT1994安全例外条款有期限地取消了俄最惠国待遇。在此期限临界之际,主要参与制裁的国家和经济体正考虑延长取消俄罗斯最惠国地位。鉴于此,考察非直接参与冲突的国家能否基于国家基本安全利益免除WTO协议规定的义务,界定GATT 1994第21条安全例外条款的适用范围,以乌克兰、加拿大、美国为样本分析取消俄罗斯最惠国地位的合法性,不仅有利于认清西方国家取消俄罗斯最惠国待遇的实质,而且启示我们面临中美贸易摩擦频繁的严峻形势,要从俄罗斯制裁与反制裁中汲取经验教训,贯彻落实总体国家安全观,构建新发展格局,降低对出口经济依赖,推动重塑WTO的权威性,从而推动中国经济巨轮在逆全球化背景中行稳致远。As a result of Russia’s military actions,Western countries,led by the United States,have revoked Russia’s MFN status for a limited period under the GATT 1994 security exception.As this deadline approaches,the main countries and economies involved in the sanctions are considering extending the removal of Russia’s MFN status.In view of this,an in-depth examination of whether countries not directly involved in the conflict can be exempted from their obligations under the WTO agreement on the basis of their basic national security interests,a reasonable definition of the scope of application of the security exception clause of Article 21 of the GATT,and a scientific analysis of the legality of the cancellation of Russia’s MFN status with Ukraine,Canada and the United States as samples,will not only help to identify the essence of the cancellation of Russia’s MFN status by Western countries,but also enlighten us that in the face of frequent trade frictions between China and the United States,we should learn lessons from Russia’s sanctions and counter-sanctions,implement the overall national security concept,build a new development pattern,reduce our dependence on the export economy,and promote the rebuilding of the WTO’s authority,to push China’s economic wheel to move steadily in the context of counter-globalisation.

关 键 词：俄乌冲突 最惠国待遇 基本安全利益 国际关系紧急情况 制裁与反制裁 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]