云南拟单性木兰母树林营建技术研究  

Study on the Construction Technology of Parakmeria yunnanensis Seed Production Stand

作　　者：王绍昌 陈友祥 王思云 李仙翠 邱正启 周亚燕 杨玉文 Wang Shaochang;Chen Youxiang;Wang Siyun;Li Xiancui;Qiu Zhengqi;Zhou Yayan;Yang Yuwen(Pingbian Miao Autonomous County Bureau of Forestry and Grassland,Pingbian,Yunnan 661299,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省屏边苗族自治县林业和草原局,云南屏边661299

出　　处：《绿色科技》2023年第19期101-106,112,共7页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：云南省屏边县国家秃杉良种基地项目。

摘　　要：云南拟单性木兰作为国家二级保护植物,是云南特有树种,具有很高的利用价值,优树筛选和母树林营建可为其后期繁育提供优良的种源,采用五株大树法和散生木选优法相结合,经过初选、复选和决选,筛选出形质指标都优良的树作为优树,选择优树上成熟种子作为种源,并采用沙藏法贮藏,采用容器育苗培育苗木,于雨季进行密度为167株/亩定植,连续3年每年进行2次除草、施肥和病虫害调查、防治,做好护林管护,定植后采用逐年移植和间伐的措施,每亩保留42株生长旺盛的优树作为母树林。结果表明:母树林保存率高、长势好,生长10年的树木的平均高度、胸径和冠幅分别为4.17 m、5.69 cm和1.94 m,与对照组树木的平均高度、胸径和冠幅分别为3.54 m、5.32 cm和1.83 m对比,发现母树林的树高、胸径和冠幅均大于对照组,三项生长数据分别超过对照组数据的17.8%、6.96%和6.01%。但母树林生长至第10年时还没有结实,可能是树龄较小,还未达到开花结实的年龄,同时还与栽植密度过大有关系,需加强管理,采取疏伐、施肥等措施,扩大母树的生殖生长空间,促进母树开花结实。Parakmeria yunnanensis,as a national second-class protected plant,is a unique tree species in Yunnan with high utilization value,excellent tree screening and mother forest construction,which can provide an excellent seed source for its later breeding.This study uses the combination of five large tree method and scattered wood selection method.After preliminary selection,double selection and final selection,the trees with excellent morphological and qualitative indicators are screened out as excellent trees;mature seeds on excellent trees are selected as seed sources;the sand storage method is used for storage,and container seedlings are used to cultivate seedlings.In the rainy season,the density of 167 plants/mu was planted,and weeding,fertilization,disease and pest investigation and control were carried out twice a year for three consecutive years.Forest protection management and protection were done.The measures of transplantation and thinning were adopted year by year after planting,and 42 vigorously growing excellent trees per mu were retained as mother forests.The results showed that the average height,breast diameter and crown width of trees that had grown for 10 years were 4.17m,5.69cm and 1.94m,respectively,compared with the average height,breast diameter and crown width of trees in the control group 3.54m,5.32cm and 1.83m,respectively,and it was found that the tree height,breast diameter and crown width of the mother forest were greater than those of the control group.The three growth data exceeded 17.8%,6.96% and 6.01% of the control group data,respectively.The mother forest has not yet borne fruit when it grows to the tenth year.It may be that the age of the tree is small,which has not reached the age of flowering and fruiting,and it is also related to the excessive planting density.It is necessary to strengthen management,take measures such as thinning and fertilization,expand the reproductive growth space of the seed production standt,and promote the flowering and fruiting of the seed production stan

关 键 词：云南拟单性木兰 母树林 优树选择 营建技术 

分 类 号：S791.257[农业科学—林木遗传育种]