中国小麦抗穗发芽种质资源的挖掘与创制  

Excavation and creation of pre-harvest sprouting resistant germplasm resources in Chinese wheats

作　　者：常成[1] 王旭阳 余赵玉 张海萍[1] 卢杰[1] 司红起[1] 陈璨[1] 马传喜[1] CHANG Cheng;WANG Xuyang;YU Zhaoyu;ZHANG Haiping;LU Jie;SI Hongqi;CHEN Can;MA Chuanxi(School of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow&Huai River Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hefei 230036)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学农学院/农业农村部黄海南部小麦生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2023年第5期745-750,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代小麦产业技术体系专项(CARS-03);国家自然科学基金联合基金(U20A2033);安徽高校协同创新项目(GXXT-2021-058);安徽省科技重大专项(2021d06050003)共同资助。

摘　　要：根据4年的表型数据,并结合实验室开发和鉴定的13个分子标记,对我国833份小麦种质资源(主要包括278份小麦微核心种质、124份地方品种和431份现代推广品种及高代品系)穗发芽抗性进行鉴定。结果表明,13个分子标记鉴定的抗/感穗发芽等位类型间相对发芽指数(RGI)差异均达显著或极显著水平,其中TaMFT-222和TaMFT-194标记鉴定的差异最大,U值分别为14.98^(**)和11.30^(**),均达极显著水平,其优异等位类型可以降低相对发芽指数0.21~0.32。其次是Sdr2A、CNGC2AL、Vp1-b2、TaMKK3-A、PM19、CAPS-2AL、A17-19和EX06323标记,其等位类型间穗发芽抗性差异也均达极显著水平;Qsd1和Barc321标记也能显著区分穗发芽抗性。共计鉴定出63份穗发芽抗性较好的种质资源,其中达到抗的有41份,多为红皮品种和地方品种;达到中抗的有22份,白皮半冬性居多。利用分子标记辅助选择,并结合杂交聚合,创制出12份穗发芽抗性水平达到中抗和抗的种质资源,至少携带3个抗穗发芽基因/位点。该结果为抗穗发芽新品种选育提供重要遗传资源。Based on four years'phenotypic data,and combined with 13 molecular markers developed and identified in our laboratory,833 wheat germplasm resources(including 278 wheat micro-core germplasms,124 local varieties and 431 modern promoted varieties and advanced lines)were identified for pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)resistance.The results showed that the differences in relative germination index(RGI)were significant or extremely significant between the resistance and sensitive alleles(R/S)of the 13 molecular markers,respectively.Among these markers,the largest difference between R/S was identified in TaMFT-222 and TaMFT-194 markers,which U values were 14.98^(**)and 11.30^(**),respectively,and reached the extremely significant level.The RGI could be reduced from 0.21 to 0.32 by the two resistant alleles,respectively.The next markers were Sdr2A,CNGC2AL,Vp1-b2,TaMKK3-A,PM19,CAPS-2AL,A17-19 and EX06323,as well as the significant differences in PHS resistance were also detected among R/S alleles.The Qsd1 and Barc321 markers could also significantly distinguish PHS resistance between R/S alleles.A total of 63 germplasm resources with high PHS resistance were identified in this study.The 41 germplasms mainly including red-grained and local varieties had higher PHS re-sistance than that of the 22 germplasms mostly with the white grained.Through using hybridization combined with marker-assisted selection,the PHS resistance genes/loci were pyramided,and 12 new breeding materials with high pre-harvest sprouting resistance were created,which carried at least 3 genes/loci for PHS resistance.The re-sult can provide important genetic resources for breeding new varieties with high PHS resistance.

关 键 词：小麦 抗穗发芽 分子标记 种质资源 

分 类 号：S512.102.4[农业科学—作物学]