针灸度量寸制的起源、混乱现状及标准化建议  

The Origin,Confusion Status and Standardization Suggestions of Acupuncture Cun Measurements

作　　者：李永明 LI Yongming(American Traditional Chinese Medicine Society)

机构地区：[1]美国中医药针灸学会

出　　处：《中华中医药学刊》2023年第10期19-23,I0007,共6页Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘　　要：针灸的度量制起源于秦汉时期,至今与针灸相关的“寸”已经有多种含义,包括内经寸、同身寸、针具寸及刺法寸等。因历史原因,各种寸制的关系及转换比较复杂,尚无统一认识,有待厘清和标准化。最近出现的“晋前尺”承传有序,为研究秦制汉寸提供了关键实物证据。根据实测、文献记载及相关统计数据,可知秦汉时期的内经寸,即为晋前尺的汉寸(1汉寸=2.31 cm),实为中国男子的标准身寸(标身寸),与身高比约为1∶75。这个比值是汉代医家的重要发现,适用于古今中外的人体度量。汉寸是针灸寸制的源头,现仍然可以代表中国及全世界男子的平均身高。唐代出现的同身寸的起因可能是因为古代度量制的变更,而能被广泛使用至今的主要原因是个体化度量在针灸临床中的实用价值。但汉寸的失传,是针灸度量制的损失,间接地导致了欧洲男子“标身寸”英寸成为针具的度量寸。目前各国的针具寸以英寸为基准,但在转为公制时采纳了不同方式的“取整为寸”,形成了全球各自不同的针具规格,在比例和长度上都有显著差异。刺法寸本应以同身寸为深度标准,但在实际操作中需以针具寸来测量。从针灸长远发展考量,建议在未来针灸教学和标准化中,恢复以晋前尺为标准的汉寸,明确标身寸与同身寸的概念和价值,制定寸制与公制并存的针灸度量系统。Originated from Qin and Han dynasties,the Cun measurement related to acupuncture has various meanings now,including Neijing Cun,proportional body Cun,needle Cun and insertional Cun,et al.However,due to historical reasons,the re-lationship and conversion of different Cun measurements are relatively complicated without consensus,and a unified concept needs to be clarified and standardized.The recently appeared“Jinqian ruler”with a clear history of provenance provides key physical evidence for the study of Han Cun from the Qin measurement.Based on the actual measurement,literature records and relevant statistical data,it is clear that the Neijing Cun(Han Cun)used during the Qin and Han dynasties was actually the stand-ard body Cun of average Chinese men,approximately 1/75 of the body height.This ratio of body measurement was an important discovery by Han physicians which fits ancient and modern in all places.Han Cun is the primary origin of the acupuncture Cun measurement and it represents current average of male heights in China as well as in the world.The reason for the appearance of proportional body Cun in Tang dynasty and later probably was initially due to the change of the ancient measurement system,be-cause the individualized measurement of proportional Cun has a high value for acupuncture clinical practice and it has been wide-ly used up to now.The discontinuation of the Han Cun was a loss in acupuncture measurement system and it has indirectly led to the European men's“standard body Cun”inch becoming the measurement system for needles.Current needle Cun measurement is mainly based on English inches,and when it was converted to the metric system,“rounding up to Cun”was adopted as a rule,which has become the standards for needle lengths in various countries.The problem is that not the same“rule”was used by different counties in rounding up the numbers and that resulted in significant variations in proportions and lengths among dif-ferent needle Cun systems globally.The insertion Cun should be

关 键 词：同身寸 标身寸 针具寸 刺法寸 汉寸 晋前尺 针灸标准化 

分 类 号：R245[医药卫生—针灸推拿学]