极端干热地区传统民居热环境测试与气候适应性分析  

Climatic Adaptability Analysis and Thermal Environment Test of Traditional Rural Dwelling in Extremely Dry and Hot Regions

作　　者：张磊[1] 韩庆卿 桑国臣[1] 朱轶韵[1] 崔晓玲[1] 韩玮霄 余航凯 ZHANG Lei;HAN Qingqing;SANG Guochen;ZHU Yiyun;CUI Xiaoling;HAN Weixiao;YU Hangkai(Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;Xi’an Ze-en Green Human Settlements Engineering and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学,西安710048 [2]西安泽恩绿色人居工程科技有限公司,西安710065

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第10期50-56,共7页Building Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“干热干冷地区传统生土民居热响应机制及被动式优化设计”(52008337);国家自然科学基金项目“碱矿渣水泥基相变混凝土热-力性能协同增强机理及蓄热调温设计”(52078420);陕西省重点研发计划“西北乡村住宅太阳能供暖及相变蓄热关键技术体系研究”(2020ZDLNY06-05)。

摘　　要：以吐鲁番地区传统生土民居为研究对象,采用实验测试的研究方法,分析传统生土民居不同功能空间的室内热环境特征,探究极端干热气候下传统民居对室内环境的热调节过程,揭示传统生土民居对极端干热气候的适应性机理。研究结果表明,不同朝向、不同楼层房间的室内热环境差异显著,南向房间的日间太阳辐射得热是造成室内过热的主要原因,半地下空间设计减小了与室外空气接触的外墙面积,同时以大地为天然冷源降低墙体内表面温度,提升了室内热环境质量;晾房能够为屋顶提供良好的遮阳效果,减少屋顶太阳辐射得热,降低屋顶内表面温度和室内空气温度;厚重生土墙体具有良好的热惰性,能够显著降低墙体内表面温度波动,有利于室内空气温度的稳定。A traditional rural dwelling located in Turpan was selected for the field experiment to analyze the characteristics of the indoor thermal environment in different functional spaces of the rural dwelling,investigate the thermal regulation process of the rural dwelling to indoor environment,and further investigate the climatic adaptability mechanism of the traditional rural dwelling to extremely dry and hot climate conditions.The results show significant differences in the indoor thermal environment of rooms with different orientations and floors.The indoor overheating in the south-facing room is caused by solar radiation heat gain in the daytime.Semi-underground space reduces the area of external walls in contact with the outdoor environment and decreases the internal surface temperature of external walls by using natural cooling from the earth,which improves indoor thermal comfort.The air-drying shelter could provide shading for the roof,decreasing the solar radiation heat gain of the roof and then reducing the internal roof surface temperature and indoor air temperature.The thick earth wall has good thermal inertia,which can significantly reduce the internal surface temperature fluctuation of the wall and is conducive to the stability of indoor air temperature.

关 键 词：极端干热气候 传统生土民居 热环境测试 气候适应性 热调节分析 

分 类 号：TU119.22[建筑科学—建筑理论]