基于热舒适评价的口袋公园绿化结构设计决策研究——以夏热冬冷地区某公园为例  

Research on the Decision-making of Green Structure Design for Pocket Park Based on Thermal Comfort Evaluation——Taking a Park in a Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions as an Example

作　　者：杨鸿玮[1] 陈子瑜 席晖 YANG Hongwei;CHEN Ziyu;XI Hui(School of Architecture,Tianjin Universit,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Architecture and Art,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]河北工程大学建筑与艺术学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《建筑科学》2023年第10期210-221,共12页Building Science

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金“基于优化算法的既有住区绿色更新决策模型研究——以京津冀地区为例”(21JCQNJC00450);国家自然科学基金“基于性能模拟与优化算法的既有办公建筑绿色改造敏感度预测模型——以寒冷地区为例”(51808383)。

摘　　要：在高密度城区内,口袋公园通常以“见缝插针”的方式分布,以提升市民对绿地的感知度和利用率。在夏热冬冷地区,绿化过密或分布不合理的现象往往导致口袋公园夏季通风散热效率低,闷热严重。本研究以株洲市高密度城区内某口袋公园为对象,首先根据实地调研选择乔木种植间距、乔木枝下净空、乔木叶面积指数(LAI)和乔灌草比为影响因素,通过正交试验法筛选出9个典型绿化方案,其后,应用ENVI-met模拟各个方案在夏季的通用热气候指数(UTCI)情况,并通过极差分析得到4个因素对热舒适的影响力大小排序和最佳绿化结构方案。结果表明:1)在高温高湿的环境下,过密的绿化会削弱口袋公园内部的通风散热效率,进而加剧闷热的状况,因此适宜地控制绿化密度,植被形态及搭配方式非常有必要;2)不同影响因素对室外热舒适的影响力从大到小依次为:乔木种植间距>乔灌草比>乔木枝下净空>乔木叶面积指数(LAI);3)热舒适最佳的绿化结构方案为:乔木种植间距10 m+乔木枝下净空4 m+LAI为5+乔灌草比6:3:1。In high-density urban areas,pocket parks are usually distributed in any available space to enhance the public's perception and utilization of these green spaces.However,the dense or irrational distribution of greening can lead to inefficient ventilation and heat dissipation in hot summer and cold winter regions,making pocket parks stuffy.This study used a pocket park in a high-density urban area of Zhuzhou City as an example.Trough field surveys,tree planting spaces,height under tree branches,tree Leaf Area Index(LAI),and proportions of trees,shrubs,and grasses were selected as impact factors.Then,9 typical greening schemes were selected by orthogonal test method.ENVI-met was used to simulate the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)of each scheme in summer,and the extreme difference analysis was used to rank the influence degree of those four factors on thermal comfort and the corresponding most optimal green structure scheme.The results showed that:1)In high temperature and humidity environment,too dense greening will weaken the ventilation and heat dissipation in the pocket park,which will increase the stifling heat,so it is necessary to control the greening density,vegetation form,and matching method appropriately;2)The influence of different factors on outdoor thermal comfort is in the following order:tree planting spacing>proportions of trees,shrubs and grasses>height under tree branches>LAI;3)The best green structure solution for thermal comfort is:10 m tree planting space+4 m height under tree branches+LAI of 5+proportions of trees,shrubs and grasses 6:3:1.

关 键 词：口袋公园 绿化结构 数值模拟 热舒适 设计决策 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]