Al/AP/NC/CL-20纳米复合炸药的制备及表征  

Preparation and Characterization of Al/AP/NC/CL-20 Nano-composite Explosives

作　　者：冀威 段逸龙 胡田源 陈晓丽[2] JI Wei;DUAN Yi-long;HU Tian-yuan;CHEN Xiao-li(School of Defense Science and Technology,Southwest University of Science and Technology&Sichuan Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials,Mianyang Sichuan 621010,China;Unit 32228,Nanjing 211133,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学国防科技学院&四川省新型含能材料军民融合协同创新中心,四川绵阳621010 [2]中国人民解放军32228部队,江苏南京211133

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2023年第10期905-910,I0009,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.22275150)。

摘　　要：为提高推进剂的能量利用率和热释放效率,分别以物理混合法、静电喷雾法和溶剂-非溶剂重结晶法制备Al/AP/NC/CL-20纳米复合炸药;采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)对不同样品的形貌、结构和热分解性能进行了分析;利用高速摄影仪测试其点火燃烧性能并对其撞击感度进行测试。结果表明,3种方法制备的Al/AP/NC/CL-20炸药组分分布均匀,粒径在100~300nm之间;3种方法所制得的复合物中的组分NC、CL-20、AP与Al之间均为物理复合,其中静电喷雾法制得的样品中的CL-20晶型转变为β型;物理混合法、静电喷雾法和溶剂-非溶剂法制得的Al/AP/NC/CL-20复合炸药的点火延迟时间分别为3、22和1ms;燃烧持续时间分别为710、608和241ms;与纳米CL-20相比,物理混合法、溶剂-非溶剂法和静电喷雾法制备的Al/AP/NC/CL-20复合炸药特性落高分别从8cm升高至25、31和28cm,降感效果明显。To improve the energy utilization and heat release efficiency of propellants,Al/AP/NC/CL-20 nano-composite explosives were prepared by mechanical mixing method,electrostatic spray method and solvent-nonsolvent recrystallization method,respectively.The morphology,structure and thermal decomposition properties of the different samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray energy spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and simultaneous thermal analyzer(TG-DSC).The ignition and combustion characteristics were studied with the high-speed camera.And also,the impact sensitivity was tested.The results show that Al/AP/NC/CL-20 composite explosives prepared by the three methods are uniformly distributed with the particle sizes ranging from 100 to 300 nm.The components NC,CL-20,AP and Al in the composites prepared by the three methods are physically compounded,where the crystal form of CL-20 in the sample prepared by the electrostatic spray method turns intoβ-type.The ignition delay time of Al/AP/NC/CL-20 composite explosives made by mechanical mixing method,electrostatic spray method and solvent non-solvent method is 3,22 and 1 ms,respectively.And the combustion duration of those explosives from the three methods is 710,608 and 241 ms,respectively.Compared with nano-CL-20,the characteristic drop heights of Al/AP/NC/CL-20 composite explosives prepared by mechanical mixing method,solvent non-solvent method and electrostatic spray method increased from 8 cm to 25,31 and 28 cm,respectively,which means a significant decrease in sensitivity.

关 键 词：物理化学 Al/AP/NC/CL-20 物理混合法 静电喷雾法 溶剂-非溶剂重结晶法 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O64[理学—物理化学]