面向经颅聚焦超声的多阵元相控阵关键技术  

Key Technology of Multi-array Phased Array for Transcranial Focused Ultrasound

作　　者：王学 张浩 张宸 陈国伟 许敏鹏 何峰[1] 明东 WANG Xue;ZHANG Hao;ZHANG Chen;CHEN Guo-Wei;XU Min-Peng;HE Feng;MING Dong(Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学医学工程与转化医学研究院,天津300072 [2]天津大学精密仪器与光电子工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2023年第10期2478-2486,共9页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0602902);国家自然科学基金(62122059,61976152,81925020)资助项目。

摘　　要：经颅聚焦超声是一种有效的神经调控技术,具有非侵入性、聚焦靶点多和焦点可调控等优势。但由于颅骨的强声衰减和非均质特性,聚焦超声经颅后存在焦点偏移、焦域能量不足以及颅骨烫伤等问题。多阵元超声相控阵可以修正超声经颅后的相位偏差和幅值衰减,实现准确、有效的颅内聚焦。本文首先介绍了换能器的阵元排布方式,进一步归纳了相控阵激励信号的调控方法,最后对其基础研究和临床应用进行了回顾与展望。Transcranial focused ultrasound is an effective neuromodulation technique that can deliver mechanical force in the form of sound waves non-invasively to specific areas of brain tissue to achieve the modulation and treatment of intracranial target areas,with the advantages of non-invasive,focused targets and adjustable focus.The earliest research on transcranial focused ultrasound can be traced back to the 1950s when the pioneering research of Lynn et al.laid the foundation for ultrasound research in the field of brain science.However,due to the strong acoustic attenuation and non-homogeneous nature of the skull,focused ultrasound suffers from focus shift,insufficient energy in the focal domain,and skull burns after transcranial.Early focused transcranial ultrasound studies would remove part of the cranial bone in the path of the acoustic beam.With the development of magnetic resonance imaging,electron computed tomography and multi-array phased array technology,noninvasive transcranial focusing of transcranial focused ultrasound is gradually becoming possible.Multi-array ultrasound phased arrays can correct the phase deviation and amplitude attenuation of ultrasound after transcranial,and achieve accurate and effective intracranial focusing.This paper first introduces the array arrangement of transducer elements,including periodic arrays,random arrays and spiral arrays.Periodic arrays include line arrays,rectangular surface arrays,curved surface arrays,and concentric ring arrays.Spiral arrays include the Fermat spiral,sixteen-arm spiral and Archimedean spiral.This paper summarizes the modulation methods of the phased array excitation signal,including phase correction methods and amplitude correction methods.Finally,this paper reviews and outlooks the basic research based on the self-researched phased array system and the clinical applications based on the Exablate system.

关 键 词：经颅聚焦超声 多阵元相控阵 阵元排布 调控方法 

分 类 号：Q-1[生物学]