外资银行进入与中国普惠金融发展——基于传统与数字对比视角  

The Entry of Foreign Banks and the Development of Inclusive Finance in China——A Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Digital Comparison

作　　者：陈敏[1] 孙华荣 方意 Chen Min;Sun Huarong;Fang Yi(School of Economics,Shandong University of Technology;National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院

出　　处：《国际金融研究》2023年第10期85-96,共12页Studies of International Finance

基　　金：国家社会科学基金面上项目“大数据风控视角下我国银行风险承担的优化机制与实现路径研究”(22BJY009);国家自然科学基金面上项目“金融文本大数据与银行业系统性风险:指标构建、应用与评估整合”(72173144);国家自然科学基金面上项目“金融周期视角下的中国银行业系统性风险防范与化解研究”(71973162);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“跨境资本流动加剧背景下人民币汇率政策选择研究”(17YJA790024)资助。

摘　　要：伴随着中国金融业的开放,外资银行进入对推进普惠金融高质量发展产生积极影响。本文基于2011—2020年中国26个省(自治区、直辖市)面板数据,探讨外资银行进入对中国传统与数字普惠金融作用的差异性。研究发现,相比于依赖“硬信息”的传统普惠金融,外资银行进入更有效地推动依托“软信息”的数字普惠金融发展。从作用异质性看,外资银行进入对中国金融发展程度低和互联网技术水平高地区的普惠金融促进效果更明显。从作用渠道看,除直接效应外,外资银行进入会通过竞争和技术两个渠道对中国普惠金融产生显著的间接效应,且其中的竞争效应主要作用于传统普惠金融,而技术效应更显著地推动数字普惠金融发展。为此,本文建议通过鼓励外资银行积极参与中国数字普惠金融、激励中资银行拓展普惠金融业务、统筹外资银行进入区域分布等措施推动中国普惠金融高质量发展,实现共同富裕。Along with the accelerated pace of opening up China's financial sector,the entry of foreign banks has become a possible path to promote the high-quality development of inclusive finance.Based on the data of 26 province(autonomous regions and municipalities)in China from 2011 to 2020,this paper explores the dfferences in the effects of foreign bank entry on traditional and digital financial inclusion in China.It is found that the effect of foreign bank entry is more obvious in promoting the development of digital inclusive finance,which relies on"soft information",than on traditional inclusive finance,which relies on"hard information".This finding remains robust even after addressing the endogeneity bias and conducting a series of robustness tests.In terms of heterogeneity of effects,the entry of foreign banks has a stronger effect on financial inclusion in regions characterized by low financial development and high Internet technology compared to regions with high financial development and low Internet technology.As for the influencing channels,in addition to the direct effect,the entry of foreign banks will have significant indirect effects on China's inclusive finance through the competition channel and the technology channel.The competition effect mainly impacts traditional inclusive finance,while the technology effect significantly promotes the development of digital inclusivefinance.In order to promote the high-quality development of inclusive finance in China to achieve common wealth,this paper suggests continuing to promote the opening of the banking industry to the outside world and encourage foreign banks to actively participate in digital inclusive finance in China.Additionally,it recommends giving full play to the role of foreign banks as a"the minor force winning energetically"to stimulate domestic banks to expand inclusive finance business.Finally,it suggests coordinating the regional distribution of foreign banks'entry to achieve a regional balance in the development of inclusive finance.

关 键 词：外资银行进入 传统普惠金融 数字普惠金融 

分 类 号：F832[经济管理—金融学]