法医SNP系谱推断技术研究进展  

Research progress in forensic SNP ggenealogyinference

作　　者：曾阔 刘京 赵东 李彩霞 Zeng Kuo;Liu Jing;Zhao Dong;Li Caixia(Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination,National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science,Institute of Forensic Science,Beijing 100038;Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,法医遗传学公安部重点实验室,北京市现场物证检验工程技术研究中心,现场物证溯源技术国家工程实验室,北京100038 [2]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2023年第5期486-491,500,共7页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82171870);十四五国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3341004)。

摘　　要：法医SNP系谱推断技术是利用基因组中的高密度SNP数据,基于血缘同源片段长度分析等算法,推断远亲缘关系的一种新型侦查技术手段。与传统STR亲缘关系鉴定方法相比,法医SNP系谱推断技术可以分析更远的亲缘关系,且可以在社会公共DNA数据库中进行家族关系搜索,应用场景更为广阔,包括犯罪嫌疑人查找、受害者的身源鉴定、失踪人口寻找等。本文就法医SNP系谱推断技术的遗传学原理、高密度SNP分型技术、常用的推断算法以及在低质量DNA中的应用等方面的研究进展进行阐述,以期为该技术应用时选择合适的检测技术和亲缘关系分析算法提供思路。Forensic SNP genealogy inference(FSG)represents an innovative investigative technique using methods such as identity-by-descent segments to infer distant kinship based on genome-wide high-density SNP data.Compared with the traditional STR-based kinship identification methods,FSG is able to reveal more distant relatives and perform familial searches within public DNA databases.Therefore,FSG has wider application scenarios in forensic science,including criminal suspects,victim identification,and missing person search.This paper reviews the current research progress in FSG,including the genetic principles,high-density SNP genotyping technology,kinship inference methods and its application in analysis of low-quality DNA samples,in the aim to provide new insights for the selection of suitable SNP genotyping techniques and kinship analysis methods during execution of FSG.

关 键 词：法医系谱学 法医SNP系谱推断 高密度SNP分型技术 低质量DNA 

分 类 号：D919.2[医药卫生—法医学]