改良剂与植物联合修复对汞铊矿废弃物重金属淋溶释放行为及微生物群落结构的影响  

Effect of combined remediation with the conditioners and plants on heavy metal leaching release behavior and microbial community structure of mercury-thallium mine wastes

作　　者：罗鉴 吴永贵[1,2,3] 罗有发 朱鑫维 彭小裕 郑煜 LUO Jian;WU Yonggui;LUO Youfa;ZHU Xinwei;PENG Xiaoyu;ZHENG Yu(School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Field Science Observation and Research Station of Ministry of Education of Guizhou Karst Environment Ecosystem,Guiyang 550025,China;Engineering Research Center for Ecological Restoration Technology for Inferior Environments of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州喀斯特环境生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省劣境生态修复技术工程研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2023年第9期3054-3065,共12页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(521600132);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合重大专项字[2019]3010;黔科合支撑[2021]一般479);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1802602);贵州省百层次人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]6002)。

摘　　要：为探究改良剂赤泥(富铁铝的工业废弃物)与鱼粪(富氮磷的有机质)作为改良剂结合2种典型先锋速生植物(巨菌草和黑麦草)对汞铊矿废弃物中典型重金属(Hg、As、Sb、Tl等)淋溶释放的原位控制效果,通过150 d淋滤实验,考察了单一改良剂、混合改良剂及改良剂联合植物对汞铊矿废弃物和淋滤液理化特征、重金属淋溶释放规律及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,添加鱼粪和赤泥结合植物种植能显著抑制汞铊矿废弃物中As、Tl和Sb的释放,同时显著促进废弃物中Hg的溶出(P<0.05)。随着淋溶时间的延长,5个批次淋滤液中As、Tl和Sb的质量浓度分别降至对照组的21.28%~56.56%、33.21%~63.15%、32.23%~56.62%。经处理后汞铊矿废弃物中养分有所提高,相较于对照组,各处理组废弃物pH由3.87升至5.56~6.78,速效钾(AK)含量是对照组的5.60~8.75倍,有机质(OM)由对照组的0.64 g·kg^(−1)增至2.50~3.14 g·kg^(−1)。同时,改良剂与植物联合修复改善了汞铊矿废弃物微生物群落丰富度和多样性,其中以黑麦草组的细菌群落丰富度最高。综合考虑重金属淋溶释放控制和微生物群落结构改善,选择鱼粪和赤泥混合改良并种植巨菌草对汞铊矿废弃物的修复效果最佳,以上研究结果可为汞铊矿废弃物中重金属释放的原位控制与无土快速生态修复提供技术支持。To investigate the in-situ control effects of typical heavy metal leaching release from mercurythallium mine wastes by combining the conditioners of the modified red mud(Iron and Aluminum-rich industrial waste)and fish manure(Nitrogen and Phosphorus-rich organic matter)with two typical pioneer fastgrowing plants(giant fungus grass and ryegrass),the 150d-leaching experiments were conducted to study the effects of single conditioner,mixed conditioner and modified conditioner-plant cultivation on the physicochemical characteristics,heavy metal leaching release and microbial community structure of mercury thallium mine waste and leachate.The results showed that the addition of fish manure and red mud combined with plant cultivation significantly inhibited the release of As,Tl and Sb from the mercury thallium mine waste,and significantly promoted Hg leaching from the waste(P<0.05).With the extension of the leaching time,the mass concentrations of As,Tl and Sb in the leachate of 5 batch experiments decreased to 21.28%~56.56%,33.21%~63.15%and 32.23%~56.62%of the control group,respectively.The nutrients of the treated wastes increased.Compared with the control group,the pH of the treated wastes increased from 3.87 to 5.56~6.78,the content of fast-acting potassium was 5.60~8.75 times higher than that of the control group,and the organic matter increased from 0.64 g·kg^(−1)in the control group to 2.50~3.14 g·kg^(−1).At the same time,the conditionerplant combined remediation improved the microbial community richness and diversity of mercury thallium mine waste,with the highest bacterial community richness in the ryegrass group.Considering the control of leaching and release of heavy metals and the improvement of microbial community structure,the best remediation effect on mercury thallium ore wastes occurred when the combined conditioners of fish manure and red mud was accompanied with planting giant bacteria grass.The result can provide a technical support for in-situ control of release and soilless rapid ecological

关 键 词：汞铊矿废弃物 鱼粪 赤泥 黑麦草 巨菌草 重金属淋溶 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]