座椅椅背倾角对飞行员颈部损伤的影响  

Effects of the Seat Back Angle on Neck Injury of Pilots

作　　者：刘景龙 赵彦鹏 卜伟平 王丽珍[1] 柳松杨 樊瑜波[1,3] LIU Jinglong;ZHAO Yanpeng;BU Weiping;WANG Lizhen;LIU Songyang;FAN Yubo(Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;Air Force Medical Center of PLA,Beijing 100142,China;School of Medical Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室,北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心,北京100083 [2]空军特色医学中心,北京100142 [3]北京航空航天大学医学科学与工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2023年第4期703-709,共7页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11822201);空军军医大学飞行人员效能提升计划项目(2019ZTA04)。

摘　　要：目的探究不同椅背倾角对飞行员颈部损伤的影响。方法基于头颈部多刚体动力学模型,对两种典型飞行工况下(急转弯和稳定盘旋)椅背倾角17°和22°进行仿真计算,得到颈部肌肉力及椎间力,并采用颈部损伤的NIC准则、Nij准则和简明损伤分类方法对颈部损伤进行评估与预测。结果同一飞行工况下,椅背倾角17°时,颈部前屈,斜方肌和头夹肌受到拉伸。椅背倾角22°时,颈部后伸,集总舌肌受到拉伸,且椅背倾角17°时斜方肌受到的拉力最大。同一颈椎节段,椅背倾角17°时的轴向力高于椅背倾角22°时,而22°时的后伸力矩大于17°时的前屈力矩。所有飞行工况下的力和力矩均未超过颈椎节段的损伤评估值,颈部脊髓也不会发生损伤。急转弯工况下,椅背倾角为22°时C7~T1节段Nij在所有工况中最大,达到航空领域建议的临界值,此时颈部发生中度、重度伤的概率分别为3.93%、2.63%。结论本研究结果可为评估椅背倾角对飞行员颈部的损伤情况提供支撑。Objective To study the effect of seat back angle(SBA)on neck injury of pilots.Methods Based on head-neck multi-body dynamic model,dynamic simulations were conducted on 17°and 22°SBA under two typical flight conditions(sharp turning and stable hovering).The maximum forces of neck muscle and time-varying curves of axial force,bending moment were obtained.Neck injury was evaluated and predicted based on neck injury criterion(NIC),Nij criterion and abbreviated injury scale(AIS).Results Under the same flight condition,the neck was under flexion at 17°SBA,and the trapezius and splenius capitis were stretched.While the neck was under extension at 22°SBA,and the lingualis was stretched.The muscle force of the trapezius at 17°SBA was the maximum.For the same segment,the axial force at 17°SBA was higher than that at 22°SBA,while the extension moment at 22°SBA was larger than the flexion moment at 17°SBA.The axial force and moment under all flight conditions did not exceed the defined injury assessment reference values,and no damage to the cervical spinal cord would occur.The Nij of C7-T1 segment at 22°SBA under sharp turning condition was the maximum under all simulated conditions,reaching the critical value in aviation field,and the probability of moderated injury and serious injury for the neck was 3.93% and 2.63%,respectively.Conclusions The results in this study will provide support for evaluating the effect of SBA on neck injury of pilots.

关 键 词：飞行员 椅背倾角 头颈部动力学模型 颈部损伤分析 动力学仿真 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]