厌氧消化过程氨抑制的生物学机理  

BIOLOGICAL MECHANISM OF AMMONIA INHIBITION DURING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

作　　者：刘超 张学萌 陈闯 殷玥 黄海宁[1] 陈银广[1] LIU Chao;ZHANG Xuemeng;CHEN Chuang;YIN Yue;HUANG Haining;CHEN Yinguang(State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《环境工程》2023年第9期156-165,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1906301);上海市科委扬帆计划项目(23YF1448900)。

摘　　要：厌氧消化作为有机废物无害化处理与能源物质回收的一种有效手段,在实际工程中得以广泛应用。然而厌氧消化过程中产生的高浓度氨氮严重抑制了底物降解和沼气生产,被认为是导致系统性能下降甚至反应体系崩溃的重要因素。厌氧消化的本质是水解酸化菌、产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌等多种微生物利用有机物生产甲烷的过程,故从微生物的角度解析氨抑制机制有助于从源头查明失稳原因,但少有文献对厌氧消化氨抑制的生物学机理进行系统阐述。基于此,首先归纳总结了氨胁迫下微生物菌群结构重塑特征,再着重阐述了高氨氮对细胞关键表型的影响,最后分别探讨了氨抑制下酶和脂质的演变规律,以拓展对厌氧消化氨抑制行为的理解,并提出了氨胁迫下微生物间相互作用和基于氨抑制机理的解抑方法等面向未来的研究方向。Anaerobic digestion,an effective approach to the harmless treatment of organic waste and recovery of energy and materials,has been widely used in practical engineering.However,the high concentration of ammonia nitrogen produced during anaerobic digestion seriously inhibits substrate degradation and biogas production,which is a vital factor leading to the decline of system performance,and even the collapse of the reaction system.The essence of anaerobic digestion is the process of using organic matter to produce methane by large numbers of microbes,such as hydrolyzing-acidifying and syntrophic acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea.The analysis of the microbial mechanism of ammonia inhibition is conducive to clarifying the essential causes of instability.However,the biological mechanism of ammonia suppression on anaerobic digestion is rarely reviewed.This paper first systematically summarizes the remodeling characteristics of microbial communities under ammonia stress.The influence of high ammonia on the vital phenotypes of cells is then introduced.Finally,the evolution of enzymes and lipid molecules under ammonia stress is discussed.This work will expand the understanding of ammonia inhibition behaviors.Future studies are recommended to reveal the molecular mechanism of microbial interaction under ammonia stress and develop disinhibition methods based on ammonia-inhibiting mechanisms.

关 键 词：厌氧消化 氨抑制 菌群结构 细胞膜 酶 脂质 组学 

分 类 号：X70[环境科学与工程—环境工程]