基于多因素融合的耕地土壤重金属污染风险评价  

RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN FARMLAND SOIL BASED ON MULTI-FACTORS

作　　者：高梦绯 郑顺安 刘昌华[1] 郜允兵[3] 高戈 赵亚楠 GAO Mengfei;ZHENG Shun'an;LIU Changhua;GAO Yunbing;GAO Ge;ZHAO Ya'nan(School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Rural Energy and Environment Agency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125 [3]北京农业信息技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《环境工程》2023年第8期233-241,共9页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-24-B-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2000205)。

摘　　要：针对现有的土壤污染风险评价方法对土壤和农产品污染情况联系不紧密、情景模式适用性差的问题,提出基于多因素融合的耕地土壤重金属污染风险协同评价方法,并以南方某县的耕地土壤重金属污染风险评价为例,验证方法的有效性。综合土壤环境质量标准、土壤背景值、重金属元素毒性及理化性质等因素提出"土壤负载容量权重指数",筛选出复合污染中生态危害最大的重金属元素,以综合评价指数评估不同情景下区域土壤污染风险,结合农产品污染情况辅助判定风险等级,构建协同风险评价体系。结果表明:研究区土壤污染风险分为4个等级,风险可忽略区域面积占总耕地面积的8.23%,低风险区域面积占17.45%,中、高风险区域面积占比分别为57.18%和17.14%,土壤污染最严重元素为Cd和Hg,中、高等级污染风险区主要分布在研究区中东部,农产品存在较强的Cd富集能力。与地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法相比,综合评价指数法可直观评价多元素复合污染风险,有效避免因对各评价指标权重设置不当造成的评价结果不合理的问题。For the existing soil pollution risk assessment methods are not closely related to soil and agricultural products pollution,and have poor applicability in different scenarios,a collaborative assessment method of heavy metal pollution risk in cultivated land based on multi-factor fusion was proposed,and the effectiveness of the method was verified by taking the risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land soil in a county in southern China as an example.Based on soil environmental quality standards,soil background values,toxicity,and physical and chemical properties of heavy metal elements,the soil load capacity weight index was proposed.The heavy metal elements with the greatest ecological hazard in composite pollution were screened out,and the regional soil pollution risk under different scenarios was evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation index,and then the risk levels were determined by combining the pollution of agricultural products to build a collaborative risk assessment framework.The results showed that the soil pollution risk in the study area was divided into four levels,the negligible risk area accounted for 8.23%of the total cultivated land area,the low risk accounted for 17.45%,the medium risk and high risk areas accounted for 57.18%and 17.14%,respectively,the dominant heavy metal elements of soil pollution were Cd and Hg,and the medium and high pollution risk areas were mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of the study area,and agricultural products had strong cadmium enrichment capacity.Compared with the geo-accumulation index method and the potential ecological hazard index method,the comprehensive evaluation index method proposed in this paper can automatically evaluate the risk of multi-element composite pollution,and effectively avoid the problem of unreasonable evaluation results caused by improper setting of the weight of each evaluation index.

关 键 词：重金属 土壤环境质量 风险评价 土壤负载容量权重指数 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4