劳动力价格上涨、粮食生产机械化及其产出效应  

Rising Labor Price,Mechanization of Grain Production,and Its Output Effect

作　　者：易小兰[1] 颜琰 张彤彤 YI Xiaolan;YAN Yan;ZHANG Tongtong

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学粮食和物资学院,江苏南京210003 [2]南京财经大学红山学院,江苏南京210003

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期14-25,共12页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部规划项目“农户粮食产后收储模式选择:行为逻辑、经济效应及政策含义”(23YJA790097);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学项目“粮食产后收储技术模式选择及其对农户收入的影响研究”(2021SJA0289)。

摘　　要：农业机械化是实现现代农业和保障粮食安全的重要基础。基于2001-2020年中国省级面板数据,实证分析劳动力价格对粮食生产机械化的影响以及粮食生产机械化的产出效应,并考察该影响及效应在耕种收各环节上的差异性。研究结果表明:劳动力价格上涨显著正向影响粮食生产综合机械化水平、机耕水平及机收水平;农机总动力对粮食产出具有显著的空间溢出效应;大中型农机动力及大中型农机机耕、机播及机收动力均对粮食产量具有显著的直接影响和空间溢出效应,且其空间溢出效应均大于直接效应。研究建议加快突破粮食生产的薄弱环节,促进农业社会化服务发展,推动农机资源在省际间合理流动与科学调配,加强小农生产与现代农业的衔接,加速实现粮食生产全程机械化与农业农村现代化。Agricultural mechanization is an important foundation for realizing modern agriculture and ensuring food security.Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2001 to 2020,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of labor price on the mechanization of grain production and the output effect of grain production mechanization,and examines the differences of these impacts and effects at different stages of grain plowing,sowing and harvesting.The results indicate that the increase in labor price has a significant positive impact on the mechanization level of grain production,plowing and harvesting.Moreover,the total power of agricultural machinery has a significant spatial spillover effect on grain output and the power of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery,as well as the power of large and medium-sized agricultural machinery for plowing,sowing,and harvesting all have significant direct impact and spatial spillover effect on grain output where the spatial spillover effect is greater than its direct effect.It is suggested that we should try to achieve breakthroughs in the weak stages of grain production,actively promote the development of agricultural socialized services,and promote the rational flow and scientific allocation of agricultural machinery resources among provinces,strengthen the connection between smallholders and modern agriculture,so as to accelerate the realization of the whole process mechanization of grain production and agricultural and rural modernization.

关 键 词：劳动力价格 农业机械化 粮食产量 空间溢出效应 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]