张家口降水量时空变化特征分析  

Analysis of Spatial-temporal Variation Characteristics of Precipitation in Zhangjiakou

作　　者：武明亮 WU Mingliang(Hydrological Survey and Research Center of Zhangjiakou in Hebei,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省张家口水文勘测研究中心,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《西北水电》2023年第5期21-25,共5页Northwest Hydropower

摘　　要：根据河北省张家口各县区1956—2022年各基本雨量站点逐月实测降水量资料,采用线性趋势分析法、累积距平检验法及数理统计等方法对张家口降水量时空变化特征进行分析。首先采用泰森多边形法分别计算各县区逐月平均降水量;其次采用线性趋势分析法、累积距平检验法对张家口降水量时间变化特征进行分析;再采用数理统计方法统计计算各县区逐年平均降水量极值及降水量变差系数等降水量特征值,对张家口降水量空间变化特征进行分析。结果表明:1956—2022年,张家口多年平均降水量呈下降趋势,倾向率为-3.543 mm/10 a,年降水量累积距平曲线大体上可划分成7个阶段,季节降水量变化趋势的叠加结果与年均降水量的变化趋势一致;张家口各县区多年平均降水量在空间分布上整体呈现出西北少东南多的分布规律,表现为两头少中间多的空间分布特征;张家口逐年平均降水量变差系数在空间分布上呈现北部、南部两头较小,中部较大的空间分布规律。Based on the monthly measured precipitation data of each basic precipitation station in Zhangjiakou from 1956 to 2022,the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of precipitation in Zhangjiakou are analyzed by linear trend analysis,cumulative anomaly test and mathematical statistics.First,the Tyson polygon method is used to calculate the monthly average precipitation of each county and district separately;Second,linear trend analysis and cumulative anomaly test are used to analyze the temporal variation characteristics of precipitation in Zhangjiakou;Third,the mathematical statistics method is used to calculate the annual average precipitation extreme value and precipitation variation coefficient of each county,and analyze the spatial variation characteristics of precipitation in Zhangjiakou.The results show that from 1956 to 2022,the average annual precipitation in Zhangjiakou showed a downward trend,with a tendency rate of-3.543 mm/10 a.The cumulative anomaly curve of annual precipitation can be roughly divided into 7 stages,and the superposition of seasonal precipitation trends is consistent with the trend of annual precipitation changes;The overall spatial distribution of the average annual precipitation in various counties and districts of Zhangjiakou shows a distribution pattern of less in the northwest and more in the southeast,with a spatial distribution feature of less at the two ends and more in the middle;The coefficient of variation of annual average precipitation in Zhangjiakou shows a spatial distribution pattern of less in the north and south,and more in the middle.

关 键 词：张家口 泰森多边形 趋势分析 累计距平 变差系数 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]