公共灾害性事件缘何“再发生”--基于危机学习的理论视角  

Why Public Catastrophic Events“Re-occur”--A Theoretical Perspective based on Crisis Learning

作　　者：易承志 杜依灵 张翔 YI Chengzhi;DU Yiling;ZHANG Xiang

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院/应急管理学院,上海200030 [2]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030 [3]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第10期88-98,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“曙光计划”项目“城市环境冲突治理机制优化研究”(19SG48);国家社会科学基金重大项目“全过程人民民主重大理论与实践问题研究”(22&ZD168)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前各类公共灾害性事件频繁发生,给地方政府的危机学习提出了更高的要求,而在实践中一些地方政府对危机问题的认识仍然不够全面充分,导致同类型公共灾害性事件多次发生。通过危机学习的“二阶论”可以发现,公共灾害性事件“再发生”的一个被忽略的机制性原因是危机学习在“一阶学习”中存在的局部性难以从根本上解决导致公共灾害性事件再次发生的问题。上下级互动关系不优、以避责为导向的危机学习容易导致一阶学习不充分与公共灾害性事件的再次发生。传统依赖于上下级互动关系的危机学习模式容易在客观上为公共灾害性事件的再次发生埋下隐患,要解决这一问题须进一步推动政府危机学习的制度化、规范化和程序化。The frequent occurrence of various types of public catastrophic events has placed higher demands on local governments'crisis learning,while in practice some local governments still have an incomplete and insuficient understanding of crisis issues,resulting in the recurrence of the same type of public catastrophic events.Through the“second-order theory”of crisis learning,it can be found that one of the overlooked institutional reasons for the“recurrence”of public disasters is that crisis learning in the“first-order learning”is difficult to address the root causes of recurring public disasters in a localised way.Inadequate first-order learning and the recurrence of public disasters can easily result from crisis learning that is oriented towards avoidance of blame due to poor hierarchical interactions.The traditional crisis learning model,which relies on hierarchical interactions,could objectively pave the way for the recurrence of public disasters,and further institutionalisation,standardisation and proceduralisation of government crisis learning is needed to address this issue.

关 键 词：公共灾害性事件 危机学习 再发生机制 地方政府 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学]