何以是丹麦?——近代中国农村合作运动的路径选择  

Why Follow Denmark?-The Pathway of the Rural Cooperative Movement in Modern China

作　　者：魏文一[1] WEI Wenyi

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期117-130,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

摘　　要：20世纪20—30年代,中国农村合作运动曾经尝试借鉴丹麦经验,丹麦合作事业的成功离不开土地改革和民众教育。土地改革后的自耕农成为合作事业的主体,不过,这项变革需要强有力的政府来策动,在当时的中国,此条件尚不完全具备。且因中国土地权益错综复杂,以及土地承载了不可估量的伦理和情感价值,要实现耕者有其田的目标,困难重重。至于民众教育,丹麦民众学校以“最大的是爱”为训,将爱己、爱神与爱邻人统合在一起。在实际生活的教育中,在“家庭化”的氛围里,乡村青年过的是有爱的团体生活,也为离校后从事农村合作做足了准备。与之不同,我们的民众教育则从“人生有情”的民族精神出发,激起乐生之心。乐生之后才有乐群(合作精神)、乐业(合作事业),个人无所计较,不顾得失,合作乃人生情谊之乐。In the 1920s and 1930s,we expected to improve rural cooperation by learning from Denmark.The achievements of Danish cooperation can be attributed to land distribution reform and folk education.After that,owner-peasants were the main participants,and a powerful government was needed to carry out this reform.However,this condition was not fully available to us at that time.In addition,land claims in China were not specific,and fields carried immeasurable ethical and emotional values,so it was extremely difficult for a cultivator to have his own land.As for folk education,Folk High Schools in Denmark taught this doctrine:“The greatest of these is charity”,a person should love the Lord,neighbors,and oneself.Young people from rural areas were living and studying in these schools as home,and the education was in and for real life.They lived in a loving community and were well prepared for rural cooperation.Our folk education differs from Denmark s.It starts from the national spirit“life is affectionate”,which fosters an attitude towards a joyful life.Afterward,individuals can work and live with others happily,which corresponds to a cooperative business and spirit.He haggles over nothing and does not care about gains or losses.Cooperation is his full enjoyment of the affectionate life.

关 键 词：丹麦 合作 自耕农 爱 乐 

分 类 号：F353.4[经济管理—产业经济] K26[历史地理—历史学] F329[历史地理—中国史]