北京不同城市区域蝴蝶多样性及优势种生态位差异  

Butterfly Diversity and Dominant Species Niche in Different Urbanization Zones of Beijing

作　　者：韩丹 韩丛海 王成[3,4] 佘珺莹 边琦 韩文静 殷鲁秦 Han Dan;Han Conghai;Wang Cheng;She Junying;Bian Qi;Han Wenjing;Yin Luqin(School of Design and Architecture,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;Beijing Municipal Forestry and Parks Bureau,Beijing 100013,China;Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Tree Breeding and Cultivation,Beijing 100091,China;Urban Forest Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学设计与建筑学院,杭州310023 [2]北京市园林绿化局,北京100013 [3]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [4]国家林业和草原局城市森林研究中心,北京100091 [5]中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司,北京102600

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2023年第5期74-81,共8页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金经费项目(CAFYBB2020ZB008);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32301654);浙江工业大学人才引进科研启动项目(202217118000729)。

摘　　要：蝴蝶对环境变化敏感,其多样性变化对城市化导致的生境变化具有重要指示意义。根据北京环路城市发展梯度,于2019—2020年6—9月对6环内平原区28个公园的蝴蝶多样性进行调查,分析不同城市区域蝴蝶物种组成、蝴蝶多样性差异及优势种和常见种的生态位宽度值与重叠值。结果表明:1)共记录到5科29属37种蝴蝶,不同蝴蝶种类活动月份具有差异;2)菜粉蝶在各个区域中均为优势种,生态位重叠值最大,在3环内、5环外呈现最宽生态位;其他区域的优势种黄钩蛱蝶、柑橘凤蝶的生态位分别在3~4环和4~5环内最宽。3)4环内城市区域的蝴蝶多样性指数显著低于4环外,5环外的公园蝴蝶丰富度和多度显著较高。总体来看,距离城市中心较远的城市公园中蝴蝶多样性水平较高,且部分优势种蝴蝶已成为城市环境适应种。未来城市蝴蝶多样性监测亟需关注生态位宽度较小的特化蝴蝶物种,以期提高城市绿地的生物多样性保育潜力。Butterfly is sensitive to environmental change,and the change in butterfly diversity is an important indicator of the habitat change caused by urbanization.In accordance with the gradients of urban development along the ring roads in Beijing,the study investigates butterfly diversity in 28 urban parks located in the plain area within the the 6^(th )Ring Road between June and September in 2019-2020,and analyzes the differences in butterfly species composition and butterfly diversity as well as the ecological niche breadth and overlap of dominant and common species.The results show:1) A total of 37 butterfly species belonging to 29 genera of 5families are recorded,and various butterfly species are different in the months of activities;2) Pieris rapae is the dominant species in all urban zones,with the most extensive niche overlap and the widest niche breadth within the 3~(rd) Ring Road and outside the 5~(th) Ring Road.Polygonia C-aureum and Papilio Xuthus are the dominant species in other zones with the widest niche breadth between the 3~(rd) and the 4~(th) ring roads and between the 4~(th) and the 5~(th) ring roads,respectively;and 3) The butterfly diversity indices in urban areas within the 4~(th) Ring Road are significantly lower than that outside the 4~(th) Ring Road,and butterfly species richness and abundance outside the 5~(th) Ring Road are significantly higher.Overall,the butterfly diversity is higher in urban parks farther from the city center,and some dominant butterfly species have adapted to the urban environment.In the future,in the urban butterfly diversity monitoring,more attention needs to be paid to specialized butterfly species with narrow niche breadth,so as to improve the biodiversity conservation potential of urban green spaces.

关 键 词：城市生物多样性 物种丰富度 城市化梯度 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]