高原聚居与盆地城址:工具史视野下长江上游流域新石器聚落遗存的文化技术特色  

Basin Site and Plateau Inhabit:Cultural and Technical Characteristics of the Remains of Upper Yangtze River Settlement Remains in Neolithic Age from the Perspective of Tool History

作　　者：徐辉 夏海松 杨子龙 Xu Hui;Xia Haisong;Yang Zilong

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]重庆市规划设计研究院规划一所

出　　处：《华中建筑》2023年第11期31-36,共6页Huazhong Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“西南多民族地区风土建筑的技术谱系识别及演进机理研究”(编号:521008005)。

摘　　要：以“高原聚居与盆地城址”合一的视域审视新石器时代长江上游流域聚落遗存。通过对高原聚居遗存的考察,论述云贵高原聚落遗存中的“土木石墙”特征;通过对盆地城址遗存的考察,论述四川盆地聚落遗存中的“竹木泥墙”特征。揭示了新石器时代长江上游先民将采集狩猎与农业栽培经济相结合,产生了以干栏式、高台式为特色,半地穴式、地面式相结合的聚落居址空间,其空间格局具备同一性与均质性,并呈现出为满足生产生活功能的均质内聚性特征,反映了氏族集团的共同利益与集体意志,维系了氏族部落的生产生活秩序,是长江上游新石器时代文化技术体系的物化表达。In this paper we examine the remains of Neolithic settlements in Upper Yangtze River China from the perspective of"Plateau Settlement and Basin Site".The cultural and technical characteristics of"civil stone walls"in the remains of Yunnan-Guizhou plateau,which are characterized by polishing stone tools and sand pottery,are discussed by investigating the remains of mountain caves,waterfront hillsides and river dam villages on the plateau.Based on the investigation of the remains of the hills in the basin,the Yangtze River in the east of the basin,and the plain in the west of the basin,we also discuss the cultural and technical characteristics of"bamboo mud wall"in basin townsite in Sichuan Basin,with the characteristics of utensil ornamentation and argillaceous pottery technology.It is revealed that in the Neolithic Age,ancestors in Upper Yangtze River China combined gathering and hunting with agricultural cultivation economy,resulting in the dwelling space of semi-crypt,ground,high table,and stilt-house with identity and homogeneity,as well as equality and cohesion to meet the production and living functions.This place adapted to the equal social structure and social connections of that time,prior to the advent of private ownership.The organizational structure of the primitive commune with"no hierarchy"of clan tribes is materialized in the residence space,reflecting the common interests and will of clan groups,and maintaining the production and living order.It is the physical expression of the Upper Yangtze River Neolithic Age's cultural and technological system.

关 键 词：高原聚居 盆地城址 聚落遗存 土木石墙 竹木泥墙 

分 类 号：TU-098.9[建筑科学—建筑理论]