超声移液及微量移液技术进展和展望  

Progress and prospect of ultrasonic liquid transfer and low-volume liquid transfer technology

作　　者：张志强 张扬 邱维宝[1] 郑海荣[1] ZHANG zhiqiang;ZHANG Yang;QIU Weibao;ZHENG Hairong(Paul C.Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;School of Electrical Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院,保罗·C·劳特伯生物医学成像研究中心,广东深圳518055 [2]南华大学电气工程学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《合成生物学》2023年第5期916-931,共16页Synthetic Biology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0902900)。

摘　　要：近年来,合成生物学、新药研究以及体外诊断等现代生物、医学技术的快速发展对微量移液技术的精准度、通量、成本等各方面提出了越来越高的要求。传统基于活塞原理的移液技术虽然可以做到自动化,通量可以很高,但是移液精度局限于亚微升级。基于电磁阀、压电驱动等移液技术可以大幅度提高移液精度,但是由于结构复杂,通量难以与活塞式移液技术相媲美。基于电场、磁场、激光等新型移液技术的移液精度可以实现纳升级和皮升级,但是这些技术主要基于微流控平台,针对一些特定应用,通用性差。此外,上述移液技术都需要使用吸头、毛细管、喷嘴等移液头,会与液体直接接触,存在移液头容易堵塞、液体残留、样品交叉污染的风险,而且移液头大都是一次性耗材,成本高,污染环境。非接触式超声移液技术是一种声镊技术,利用超声波声场调制的声辐射力实现对液滴的无接触式操控,无需一次性移液头辅助,无需与液体接触,且具有精度高、移液速度快等特点,是较为理想的精密微量移液技术,展现了重要的应用前景。本文对微量移液技术的发展和代表性研究进展进行了系统性介绍,重点介绍了非接触式超声移液技术的发展和研究进展,并分析讨论了微量移液技术值得关注的发展方向,比如高通量及高通用性的非接触式超声移液技术、智能化移液工作站,以及基于微流控平台的微量液体处理技术等。In recent years,the rapid development of modern biological and medical technologies,such as synthetic biology,new drug research,and in vitro diagnosis,has put forward increasingly high requirements on the precision,accuracy,throughput and cost of low-volume liquid transfer technology as the number of liquid samples increases but the volume of liquid samples decreases greatly.Although the traditional piston-based pipetting technology can achieve automation and high throughput,the pipetting precision is limited to sub-microliter,and it consumes a large amount of disposable pipette tips.The liquid transfer technologies based on solenoid valve and piezoelectric actuator can improve liquid transfer precision greatly,however,the throughput of these technologies are lower than pipetting technology due to their complex structures.The liquid transfer technologies based on electric field,magnetic field,and light can achieve high transfer precision of nanoliter and picoliter,but these technologies are mainly based on the microfluidic platform for some special applications.In addition,the tips such as the pipette tip,tubing,or nozzle used in the aforementioned liquid transfer technologies are in direct contact with the liquid,leading to the risks of tip blockage,liquid residue and sample cross-contamination.Moreover,the tips are mostly disposable,resulting in high cost and environmental pollution.Non-contact ultrasonic liquid transfer technology,using acoustic radiation force of focused ultrasonic wave to eject droplets from liquid surface,does not need disposable tips,and the ejected droplets do not contact with any other media except the liquid containers during the transfer process.The size of ejected droplets can be accurately controlled by adjusting the focus size and acoustic energy of ultrasound beam.The liquid transfer volume can be adjusted over a large range from nanoliter to picoliter with high precision.Due to its characteristics of fully contact-free,high precision and high transfer speed,non-contact ultrasonic

关 键 词：非接触式超声移液 微量移液 声辐射力 声镊 高精度 高通量 自动化 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]