北京市海淀区小学教育资源空间布局优质均衡性分析  

Analysis of the quality and balance of spatial layout of primary school educational resources in Haidian District,Beijing

作　　者：蔡鑫雨 王艳慧[1,2] 万圆 CAI Xinyu;WANG Yanhui;WAN Yuan(College of Resources Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Key Laboratory of 3Dimensional Information Acquisition and Application,Ministry of Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048 [2]首都师范大学三维信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《时空信息学报》2023年第3期431-441,共11页JOURNAL OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL INFORMATION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171224,41771157);北京市长城学者资助项目(CIT&TCD20190328);全国统计科学研究重点项目(2021LZ23)。

摘　　要：为了反映小学教育资源的空间配置情况和供需情况,并为下一步优化调整小学的空间布局及合理配置优质教育资源提供决策参考;同时,海淀区作为北京教育的焦点,尚缺乏从街道尺度对其空间布局的相关研究。因此,本文以北京市海淀区小学为研究对象,综合考虑教育资源供给与学龄儿童入学需求,利用GIS空间分析和基于两步移动搜寻法的可达性计算等方法,分析了小学基础教育资源和优质教育资源的空间布局、供需现状和空间配置的均衡性。结果表明:①海淀区整体教育可达性不甚理想,供需矛盾在部分乡镇地区依旧突出,仅有77.7%的学龄儿童可以实现在3 km内“就近入学”的需求;②优质小学稀缺且布局不均衡,约46%的适龄儿童有机会进入优质小学;③为满足海淀区教育“优质均衡”发展要求,应在上庄镇、青龙桥街道等地加强布局优化。This study aims to assess the spatial configuration of primary education resources,analyze the supply-demand situation,and provide decision-making references for optimizing the spatial layout of primary schools and rationalizing the allocation of high-quality educational resources,with a focus on Haidian District in Beijing.This study employs a comprehensive approach to evaluate the spatial distribution and equilibrium of primary education resources in Haidian District,Beijing.Initially,GIS techniques,including Kernel Density Analysis and Buffer Analysis,are used to gain a preliminary understanding of the spatial distribution of primary schools.Secondly,the 2-step floating catchment area(2SFCA)method is used to calculate the spatial accessibility of primary schools in Haidian District,accessing the distribution balance of elementary education resources.Finally,the study explores the high-quality primary schools of Haidian district and the supply and demand for such schools to examine the balance of high-quality primary education resources.The findings from the study of primary schools in Haidian District,Beijing,reveal the following:(1)The analysis reveals an uneven distribution of primary schools in Haidian District,Beijing.Primary schools are predominantly concentrated in the densely populated southeastern urban areas,while in some townships,school-aged children face challenges meeting the requirement of enrolling in schools within the recommended service radius.(2)There are pronounced difficulties in accessing education in certain areas,with only approximately 77.7%of school-aged children meeting the requirement of enrolling in the nearest school within a 3 km radius.(3)High-quality primary schools are scarce and unevenly distributed,and high-quality educational resources are mainly concentrated in urban areas,giving about 46%of eligible children access to high-quality primary schools.This research underscores the importance of assessing the spatial configuration and supply-demand equilibrium of primary educat

关 键 词：小学教育资源 两步移动搜寻法 供需均衡性 空间可达性 GIS空间分析 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] TU984.14[天文地球—测绘科学与技术] G623.8[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]