稻油兼用型成条飞播装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Striped Aerial Seeding Device for Rice and Oil Rape

作　　者：黄小毛[1,2] 刘宇 朱耀宗 李文成 张顺 HUANG Xiaomao;LIU Yu;ZHU Yaozong;LI Wencheng;ZHANG Shun(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第9期111-121,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075211);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2662020GXPY001)。

摘　　要：针对水稻和油菜飞播普遍采用漫撒播方式而造成的落种散乱无序等问题,设计了一种可同时适应水稻和油菜条播农艺要求的无人机播种装置。以成条飞播排种系统的兼用化、轻量化、电驱化和模块化为设计目标,采用电驱、工作长度可调的外槽轮组件作为排种器,以舵机带动连杆驱动的自动折叠导种管为投种部件,通过台架试验、场地泥盒飞播试验和田间试验3种方式,确定结构参数和工作参数并验证作业效果。试验结果表明,排种系统在排种电机额定转速及扭矩范围内,能够满足5 m/s以内飞行速度下,油菜播量6~7.5 kg/hm~2、杂交稻播量15~45 kg/hm~2及常规稻播量60~105 kg/hm~2的农艺要求,且各行一致性变异系数、总排量一致性变异系数等性能参数优于行业标准要求,在作业高度1 m、作业速度4 m/s时,泥盒中油菜和水稻种子平均条带宽度分别为6.7、3.8 cm,播后30 d田间幼苗成条效果明显。A drone seeding device was designed to address the problem of scattered and disorderly seed falling caused by the widespread use of diffuse sowing in rice and rapeseed aerial seeding,which can simultaneously meet the agronomic requirements of rice and rapeseed aerial seeding.The design goal was to achieve dual use,lightweight,electric drive,and modularization of the strip aerial seeding system.The external groove wheel component with electric drive and adjustable working length was used as the seeding device,and the automatic folding seed guide tube driven by the linkage driven by the servo was used as the seeding component.Through bench tests,on-site mud box aerial seeding tests,and field tests,the structural and working parameters were determined and the operational effect was verified.The test showed that the designed seed metering system can meet the agronomic requirements of 6~7.5 kg/hm2 oil rape,15~45 kg/hm2 hybrid rice and 60~105 kg/hm2 conventional rice at maxium flight speed of 5 m/s when in the range of rated speed and torque of seed metering motor,and the performance parameters such as the coefficient of variation of consistency of each row and the coefficient of variation of consistency of total discharge capacity were superior to the requirements of the industry standard.At height of 1 m and speed of 4 m/s,the average strip width of rapeseed and rice seeds in the mud box was 6.7 cm and 3.8 cm,respectively.The effect of seedling formation in the field was significant after 30 d of sowing.

关 键 词：无人机 成条播种 外槽轮排种器 油菜 水稻 

分 类 号：S251[农业科学—农业机械化工程]