猕猴桃果园有机肥免开沟施肥机设计与试验  

Design and Test of Applicator for Kiwifruit Orchards to Mix OrganicFertilizer into Soil without Furrowing

作　　者：朱新华[1] 赵怀松 伏胜康 李旭东 郭文川[1] 张李娴[1] ZHU Xinhua;ZHAO Huaisong;FU Shengkang;LI Xudong;GUO Wenchuan;ZHANG Lixian(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Sichuan Aerospace Vocational College,Chengdu 610100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]四川航天职业技术学院,成都610100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第9期133-142,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟重大科技项目(LMZD201703);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY-204、2023-ZDLSF-62)。

摘　　要：针对猕猴桃等藤架式果园狭小空间对有机肥施肥机的限制及现有施肥方式费工费时、肥效低的问题,结合猕猴桃根系浅层分布的生长特点,提出了一种机械化有机肥免开沟施肥方法。该方法包括撒肥、肥-土混合和覆土3个一体化连续步骤,施肥过程不开沟,地表不露肥。基于此,设计了有机肥免开沟施肥机,整机高度1.5 m,配套动力37.5 kW,肥箱容积1.2 m~3,主要包括低矮侧座拖拉机、施肥拖车、抛肥装置、混肥装置、抗扭装置、卷轴装置。混肥装置旋转切土,实现肥-土混合以及混合层的土壤覆盖。确定了抗扭轮半径以平衡混肥装置单侧布置产生的扭矩,设计的卷轴装置可同步收放混肥与抗扭装置,并根据地形调整混肥装置倾角。通过混肥装置离散元仿真确定最优的刀机速比为32。试验结果表明,在最大设计施肥深度150 mm、施肥量5 kg/m工况下,肥-土全层混合,施肥深度的相对误差小于等于7.73%,露肥率小于等于5.56%,混肥装置平均功耗为4.7 kW,满足猕猴桃果园有机肥施肥要求。The small space of kiwifruit and other pergola-structured orchards restricts the use of organic fertilizer applicators.The existing fertilization methods are labour-intensive and time-consuming,with low fertilizer efficiency.Therefore,a mechanized no-furrowing deep organic fertilizer application method was proposed,considering kiwifruit's growth characteristics and shallow root distribution.The method consisted of three simultaneous and successive steps:fertilizer spreading,fertilizer-soil mixing and soil covering.No furrow was opened during fertilizer application,but the fertilizer was mixed into the soil and not exposed to the ground.Based on this method,a non-furrowing deep organic fertilizer applicator for kiwifruit orchards was developed with height of 1.5 m,power configuration of 37.5 kW,and fertilizer box volume of 1.2 m3.The organic fertilizer applicator consisted of a low-side seat tractor,fertilizer trailer,fertilizer spreading mechanism,fertilizer mixing mechanism,anti-twisting mechanism,and reel mechanism.The fertilizer mixing mechanism rotated and cut the soil to realize the fertilizer-soil mixing and the soil covering of the mixed layer.The radius of the anti-twisting wheel was determined to balance the torque generated by the one-sided arrangement of the fertilizer mixing mechanism.The reel mechanism simultaneously retracted the fertilizer mixing mechanism and the anti-twisting mechanism,and the working angle of the fertilizer mixing mechanism can be adjusted according to the terrain.The optimal knife-to-machine speed ratio was determined as 32 based on the discrete element simulation analysis of the working process of fertilizer mixing mechanism.The results of field test showed that under the working condition of the maximum designed fertilizer applying depth of 150 mm and the fertilization amount of 5.0 kg/m,organic fertilizer was mixed into the soil,the relative error of the fertilizer applying depth was ess than or equal to 7. 73% ,the fertilizer exposure rate was less than or equal to 5. 56% ,

关 键 词：猕猴桃果园 有机肥 免开沟施肥机 混肥装置 离散元 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]