水土保持耕作对黑土玉米氮素利用与温室气体排放影响  

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Tillage on Nitrogen Utilization andGreenhouse Gas Emissions of Maize in Black Soil

作　　者：齐智娟 李骜[1,2] 张忠学 余佩哲 尹致皓[1,2] 宋芳 QI Zhijuan;LI Ao;ZHANG Zhongxue;YU Peizhe;YIN Zhihao;SONG Fang(School of Water and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第9期365-373,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500802);东农学者计划学术骨干项目(21XG18)。

摘　　要：为探明不同水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地玉米氮素利用和温室气体排放的影响,以大田试验为基础,设置7个耕作处理:等高耕作(Transverse slope planting, TP)、垄向区田(Ridge to the district field, RF)、深松耕(Subsoiling tillage, SF)、等高耕作+深松耕(Transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage, TP-S)、垄向区田+深松耕(Ridge to the district field+subsoiling tillage, RF-S)、等高耕作+垄向区田(Transverse slope planting+ridge to the district field, TP-R)、常规耕作(Down-slope cultivation, CK),探究水土保持耕作技术对东北黑土坡耕地土壤养分状况、温室气体排放、氮素吸收利用和产量的影响。结果表明:在玉米全生育期内,水土保持耕作处理显著提高了玉米产量、器官氮素转运率以及氮肥利用率,部分水土保持耕作措施也可以显著降低N_(2)O与CO_(2)排放。其中,玉米成熟期时,实施水土保持耕作措施的植株产量较CK处理增加3.39%~26.43%,TP-S处理提升效果最高。对于氮肥利用率,水土保持耕作技术较CK处理提高25.23%(RF处理)~76.98%(TP-S处理),提升效果显著。对于CO_(2)排放,除SF处理外,其余水土保持耕作处理均显著低于CK处理。但对于N_(2)O排放,TP处理、 TP-S处理和TP-R处理显著低于CK,而SF处理、RF处理以及RF-S处理较CK处理则明显增加。故综合来看,建议当地玉米种植采取等高耕作+深松耕的水土保持耕作技术。In order to explore the effects of different soil and water conservation tillage techniques on nitrogen utilization and greenhouse gas emissions in sloping farmland of black soil in Northeast China,a field experiment was conducted.Seven tillage treatments were set up:transverse slope planting(TP),ridge to the district field(RF),subsoiling tillage(SF),transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage(TP-S),ridge to the district field+subsoiling tillage(RF-S),transverse slope planting+ridge to the district field(TP-R),and down-slope cultivation(CK).Explore the effects of soil and water conservation tillage techniques on soil nutrient status,greenhouse gas emission,nitrogen absorption and utilization,and yield of black soil slope farmland in Northeast China.The results showed that during the whole growth period of maize,soil and water conservation tillage treatment significantly increased maize yield,organ nitrogen transport rate and nitrogen use efficiency,and some soil and water conservation tillage measures could also significantly reduce N2 O and CO2 emissions.Among them,at the maturity stage of maize,the plant yield of soil and water conservation tillage measures were increased by 3.39%~26.43%compared with that of CK treatment,and TP-S treatment had the highest improvement effect.For nitrogen use efficiency,soil and water conservation tillage technology were increased by 25.23%(RF treatment)~76.98%(TP-S treatment)compared with CK treatment,and the improvement effect was significant.For CO2 emissions,except for SF treatment,the remaining soil and water conservation tillage treatments were significantly lower than that of CK treatment.However,for N2 O emissions,TP treatment,TP-S treatment and TP-R treatment were significantly lower than that of CK,while SF treatment,RF treatment and RF-S treatment were significantly higher than that of CK treatment.Therefore,it was suggested that the local maize planting should adopt the soil and water conservation tillage technology of transverse slope planting+subsoiling tillage.

关 键 词：水土保持耕作 玉米 氮素利用率 N_(2)O 作物产量 

分 类 号：S157.9[农业科学—土壤学]