灌水技术参数对覆膜制种玉米生长与蒸腾耗水的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Technical Parameters on Growth and Transpirationand Water Consumption of Seed Maize under Film

作　　者：马士萌 佟玲[1,2] 王素芬 赵引[3] 马冬青 李德智 MA Shimeng;TONG Ling;WANG Sufen;ZHAO Yin;MA Dongqing;LI Dezhi(China Agricultural Water Research Center,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province,Wuwei 733009,China;Key Laboratory of Shandong Province Yellow River Delta Ecology and Environment,Binzhou College,Binzhou 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京100083 [2]甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站,武威733009 [3]滨州学院山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,滨州256600

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第9期396-406,438,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900401)。

摘　　要：科学高效的灌溉管理是提高水分生产力的关键。针对覆膜前后土壤水热条件有明显差异,灌水参数如何影响作物生长与耗水尚不明确的问题,本研究以制种玉米为研究对象在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站进行了田间试验。设计3种滴头流量D1(2.0 L/h)、D2(2.5 L/h)、D3(3.0 L/h),5种灌水间隔时间P1(6 d)、P2(8 d)、P3(10 d)、P4(12 d)、P5(14 d),探究灌溉方案对覆膜制种玉米生长、产量和蒸腾耗水的影响。结果表明滴头流量较大和灌水间隔时间较小时制种玉米株高与叶面积指数表现更好。D1处理下,随灌水间隔时间增加株高和叶面积指数呈先增大后减小的趋势,在P2取得最大值。籽粒产量与灌水间隔时间呈现显著的二次函数关系,D1、D3处理下最大值均出现在P2。灌水间隔时间为6~10 d时D2可以获得最高的产量。单株日尺度液流速率与小时尺度液流速率均随滴头流量增大而增加,随灌水间隔时间增加而减小。D3处理小时尺度液流速率峰值比D2、D1处理分别增加85.88%~127.02%、117.80%~151.89%。灌水间隔时间由P1增加到P5时,小时尺度液流速率峰值降低23.56%~31.48%。制种玉米蒸腾量随滴头流量增大而增加。一定范围内(P1~P4),增加灌水间隔时间显著降低了全生育期耗水量。灌水间隔时间不大于10 d时,D2耗水量最低,比D1降低1.86%~4.14%,且获得更高的水分生产力。D1、D2处理均在P2处理获得最高水分生产力。为实现高效节水,滴头流量为2.5 L/h (D2)、灌水间隔时间为8~10 d是适宜干旱地区覆膜制种玉米的较优灌水方案,而灌水间隔时间为6~8 d时可以实现更高的产量和水分生产力。Scientific and efficient irrigation management is the key to improving water productivity.To address the problem that there are significant differences in soil water and heat conditions before and after mulching,and it is still unclear how irrigation parameters affect crop growth and water consumption,field experiments were conducted at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis Agriculture in Wuwei of Gansu Province,using seed maize as the research object.Three dripper discharges D1(2.0 L/h),D2(2.5 L/h),D3(3.0 L/h),and five irrigation intervals P1(6 d),P2(8 d),P3(10 d),P4(12 d),P5(14 d)were designed to investigate the effects of different irrigation management schemes on the growth,yield,transpiration,and water consumption of seed maize.The results showed that higher dripper discharges and shorter irrigation intervals were more favorable for the growth and leaf area index of seed maize.Under D1 treatments,plant height,and leaf area index were increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation interval,and reached the maximum value at P2.The grain yield showed a significant quadratic relationship with the irrigation interval,and the maximum values under D1 and D3 appeared in P2.When the irrigation interval was 6~10 d,the highest yield was obtained under the D2 dripper discharge.The daily-scale and hourly-scale liquid flow rates of seed maize single-plant were increased with the increase of dripper discharge and decreased with the increase of irrigation interval.The peak value of the hourly liquid flow rate in D3 treatment was increased by 85.88%~127.02%and 117.80%~151.89%compared with that in D2 and D1,respectively.When the irrigation interval was increased from P1 to P5,the peak value of the hourly liquid flow rate was decreased by 23.56%~31.48%.The transpiration of seed maize was increased with the increase of dripper discharge.Within a certain range(P1 to P4),increasing the irrigation interval significantly reduced the water consumption of s

关 键 词：制种玉米 膜下滴灌 灌水技术参数 作物生长 蒸腾耗水 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]